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The term cyclone refers to a wide variety of broad, low pressure system with cyclonic rotation, that is counterclockwise if the system is in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

The first type to explore is called a tropical cyclone. These are the most intense cyclones in terms of both pressure (in all cyclones, a lower pressure means a stronger storm) and wind speed. Tropical cyclones originate from disorganized areas of low pressure that move over warm ocean water, where they feed on moisture and become stronger and better organized. These storms can only develop over warm ocean water and weaken rapidly if they hit land.

These tropical systems tend to be called cyclones in the southern hemisphere, and they rotate in a clockwise direction. In the northern hemisphere, where cyclones occur in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean and northeastern Pacific Ocean they are called hurricanes and those in the South China Sea and regions of Asia are called typhoons. Northern hemisphere cyclones rotate anti-clockwise. Weaker tropical cyclones in these regions are referred to as tropical storms if sustained winds are between 63 and 118 km/h (39 and 73 mph) and as tropical depressions if winds are less than 63 km/h. In addition to producing damaging winds these systems often produce heavy flooding. Tropical cyclones usually form in the summer of early autumn when the oceans are warmest.

Cyclone intensity is measured by wind speed, and cyclones are accorded a category based on this:

  • Category 1 - gales with gusts to 125 km/h (77 mph)
  • Category 2 - destructive winds with gusts of 125 -170 km/h (77-105 mph)
  • Category 3 - very destructive winds with gusts of 170 - 225 km/h (105-140 mph)
  • Category 4 - very destructive winds with gusts of 225 - 280 km/h (140-174 mph)
  • Category 5 - very destructive winds with gusts exceeding 280 km/h (174 mph)

Hurricanes, which are cyclones in the northern hemisphere are classified according to the Saffir-Simpson Scale, which is also based on wind speed - not wind gusts, but rather sustainedwind speeds. The highest classification on this scale is category 5, in which sustained winds exceed 251 km/h (156 mph).

Next up are mid-latitude or extratropicalcyclones. Unlike tropical cyclones these systems are powered by temperature gradients, or changes in temperature across a distance. Because they do not need as much moisture as tropical cyclones these systems can develop over land or over cool water. These systems form along fronts, or boundaries between air masses of different temperatures and dew points (a measure of absolute humidity). As a mid-latitude cyclone develops, a warm front will usually develop on the western side of the low while a cold front develops on the equator ward side (this is the southern side in the northern hemisphere and northern side in the southern hemisphere).

These systems are usually not as intense as tropical cyclones but are typically larger in geographic extent, especially if you include the fronts they connect with. They do sometimes produce gale fore and even hurricane force winds, especially at sea. Unlike tropical cyclones these cyclones usually occur in fall, winter, or spring, when temperature contrasts are greatest. Depending on where and when they occur these systems can cause blizzards, flooding, or outbreaks of severe weather and tornadoes.

There are also subtropical cyclones, which have characteristics of both tropical and extratropical cyclones. These typically follow the same naming conventions as tropical cyclones. A cyclone can transition between these three types.
hurricanes and often tsunamis

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Related Questions

What are different names for cyclones?

tropical storms


Do tropical areas get hurricanes cyclones and typhoons?

Hurricanes and typhoons occur in tropical areas, but can move into extratropical areas as well. There are different types of cyclone, however. Tropical cyclones (hurricanes, typhoons, tropical storms and tropical depressions) form in tropical regions but extratropical and polar lows are cyclones as well.


Are all hurricanes cyclones and tornadoes named?

No. All hurricanes and other tropical cyclones above tropical depression strength get named, however extratropical cyclones are not named. Tornadoes never get names.


How are tropical cyclones named?

they chose names that they think suites the tropical cyclones based on something else. For example, if the cyclone was ugly and you had an ugly doll whose name was Penny, they name the cyclone Penny.


How tropical cyclones named?

they chose names that they think suites the tropical cyclones based on something else. For example, if the cyclone was ugly and you had an ugly doll whose name was Penny, they name the cyclone Penny.


What are alll the names for natural disasters?

tsunamis, hurricanes, cyclones, tropical cyclones, floods, bush fires, earthquakes, snow storms, tornados, blizzards


Tropical cyclones visiting southern Japan are called?

Tropical cyclones visiting southern Japan are called typhoons


Are hurricanes given names and tropical storom not?

Yes, hurricanes are given names by the World Meteorological Organization. Tropical storms are given names when they reach a certain intensity and become organized systems. Only some tropical cyclones develop into hurricanes, which are characterized by stronger winds and more organized structures.


What do scientists call tropical cyclones in the Atlantic?

Tropical cyclones in the Atlantic are known as hurricanes. They rotate anti-clockwise, rather than clockwise like cyclones in the southern hemisphere.


What are the different names given to the cyclones in different parts of the world?

Cyclones in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific are called hurricanes, in the Northwest Pacific they are called typhoons, in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean they are called cyclones, and in the South Atlantic and southeastern South Pacific they are called tropical cyclones.


What do oceans cause?

tropical cyclones


Do cyclones have eyes?

Yes, the tropical cyclones have structures that are usually referred to as eyes.