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Isotopes that emit particles and give off energy are known as "radioactive" isotopes.

The particles they emit generally come in the form of α-radiation i.e α particles (helium nucleus), and ß-radiation, i.e. ß-particles (electron or positron). Some small amount of neutrons may be emitted by an isotope as a byproduct of α-radiation.

The primary energy emitted by radioactive isotopes is gamma radiation and heat; the heat comes from the effect of α-, ß and gamma radiation being absorbed by the surrounding materials.

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