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By knowing or specifying six orbital elements, it is possible to define any orbit. These six elements are eccentricity (which is the shape of the orbit -- not the mathematical definition), length of the semi-major axis (which is the average of the periapsis, or closest, distance and the apoapsis, or farthest, distance), inclination (which is the tilt of the orbit compared to some fixed reference plane -- could be the equatorial plane of the Earth or the ecliptic, which is the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun), longitude of the ascending node (which is the angular distance between some fixed direction in space, such as the vernal equinox, and the ascending node, which is where the plane of the orbit intersects the previously-mentioned reference plane as the orbiting body is on its way upward), argument of periapsis (which describes the orientation of the ellipse in the plane of the orbit), and the mean anomaly at epoch (which describes the position of the satellite in the orbit at a specified time).

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