Synapses are specialized junctions that facilitate communication between neurons or between neurons and other types of cells, such as muscle cells. At a synapse, the presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters, which cross the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, triggering a response. There are two main types of synapses: chemical synapses, which use neurotransmitters, and electrical synapses, which allow direct electrical signals to pass between cells. Synapses play a crucial role in neural communication, influencing processes like learning, memory, and reflexes.