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Take a look:
"surface wave." Online Art. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 3 Sept. 2008 http://original.britannica.com/eb/art-2735

(To all those who are going to attempt the above link, you need to be registered at Britannica.)

Waves are of three types (on the basis of their crashing on the shore):

Spilling Breakers
In a Spilling Breaker, the energy which the wave has transported over many miles of sea is released gradually over a considerable distance. The wave peaks up until it is very steep but not vertical. Only the topmost portion of the wave curls over and descends on the forward slope of the wave, where it then slides down into the trough . This process is why these waves may look like an advancing line of foam.

Plunging Breakers
In a Plunging Breaker, the energy is released suddenly into a downwardly directed mass of water. A considerable amount of air is trapped when this happens and this air escapes explosively behind the wave, throwing water high above the surface. The plunging breaker is characterized by a loud explosive sound and are more commonly found on the west coast of North America and the Pacific Ocean.

Surging Breakers

In surging waves, the wave crest tends to advance faster than the base of the wave, which would suggest the formation of a plunging wave. However, the wave then advances faster than the crest, the plunging is arrested, and the breaker surges up the beach face as a wall of water which may or may not be white water. These waves are usually found on beaches with a very steep slope.

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