There are actually several common antibiotic targets. However, the three most common are the inhibition of cell wall synthesis (penicillins, cephalosporins), inhibition of protein synthesis (macrolides, tetracycline), and the inhibition of replication and transcription, (fluoroquinolones rifampin).
the lymphocytes in the body acts like a magnet and pulls the bacteria/microorganism then the phagocyte engulf them and destroys it (all this is the work of the white blood cell
A plasmid (conjugative plasmid) that has a resistance gene on it, can transfer itself to another bacterial cell (called conjugation) or assist in the transfer of a non-conjugative plasmid that has a resistance gene to another cell (called mobilization). Whichever way it happens, once the plasmid is transfered to the new cell, this cell too may show signs of resistance to the particular antibiotic. This is one of the ways of the speard of resistance amongst bacteria
Bacteria can negatively affect people by causing infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and food poisoning. Certain bacteria can also produce toxins that can lead to illness and other health complications. Additionally, antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a growing threat to public health.
Is a bacteria cell asexual or sexual
Bacteria interact with oxygen in three primary ways: aerobically, anaerobically, and facultatively. Aerobic bacteria require oxygen for growth and metabolism, utilizing it in cellular respiration. Anaerobic bacteria do not need oxygen and may even be harmed by it, relying on fermentation or other processes for energy. Facultative anaerobes can thrive in both the presence and absence of oxygen, switching between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism depending on environmental conditions.
People do not develop a resistance to antibiotics, instead bacteria in the body resist the effects of the antibiotic. The bacteria changes somehow and instead of the antibiotic eliminating it, the bacteria survives and continues to cause harm and infection. Some bacteria neutralizes the antibiotic, others fight and flush out the antibiotic, and the others modify where the antibiotic goes.
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A microbiologist or medical scientist would study how bacteria are affected by antibiotics. They can investigate how bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics and explore new ways to combat antibiotic resistance.
There shape, if they need oxygen, and where they live.
Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria change in a way that makes antibiotics less effective against them. This can occur through mechanisms like mutations in bacterial DNA, acquiring resistance genes from other bacteria, or developing ways to pump out or break down antibiotics. These changes allow the bacteria to survive and multiply even when exposed to antibiotics, making infections harder to treat.
the lymphocytes in the body acts like a magnet and pulls the bacteria/microorganism then the phagocyte engulf them and destroys it (all this is the work of the white blood cell
A plasmid (conjugative plasmid) that has a resistance gene on it, can transfer itself to another bacterial cell (called conjugation) or assist in the transfer of a non-conjugative plasmid that has a resistance gene to another cell (called mobilization). Whichever way it happens, once the plasmid is transfered to the new cell, this cell too may show signs of resistance to the particular antibiotic. This is one of the ways of the speard of resistance amongst bacteria
Bacteria can negatively affect people by causing infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and food poisoning. Certain bacteria can also produce toxins that can lead to illness and other health complications. Additionally, antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a growing threat to public health.
One way is through deforestation, where humans clear large areas of forests for agriculture, logging, or urban development. Pollution is another significant way, as human activities release harmful chemicals into the air, water, and soil, causing harm to ecosystems and wildlife. Overfishing is also a common way, where excessive fishing leads to depletion of fish populations and disrupts marine ecosystems.
The prime function of the antibiotic is to kill the bacteria. Antibiotics work in two ways. It either kills the bacteria or it prevents it. Bacteria usually multiply in the body and they have single cell. Antibiotics does not attack the cell in the body, it only attacks the virus or bacteria and destroys it. An antibiotic has the capability of changing glucose into energy. It also forms a wall to prevent the virus from getting in. Different antibiotics have different method of working depending on the bacteria. Antibiotics specifically aims and attacks the bacteria. Hence the patient is always safe. Antibiotics also avoid the bacteria from multiplying. Antibiotics are safe to humans and animals but they do have side effects at times on some people. It is always advisable to consult your doctor before taking any kind of antibiotics.
In order to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, you should use antibiotics exactly as directed by your healthcare provider (i.e. correct dosage, don't skip doses), dispose of any leftover antibiotics once treatment is completed, and should not use antibiotics that were not prescribed for you and your current condition.