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Many kinds of RNA are produced by cells. Here are some of the best known:
Messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries a copy of the code in a segment of DNA (a gene). Messenger RNA exists in more than one form, as it is modified by the cell, for example to cut out the introns.
Transfer RNA (tRNA): There have to be at least 20 of these, one for each amino acid. Each kind of transfer RNA carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome to be incorporated in a growing polypeptide chain. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): Molecules of rRNA are made in the nucleolus, and they become the RNA component of a ribosome, the cytoplasmic organelle at which polypeptide chains are synthesized as the mRNA is translated.
A short strand of RNA is synthesized by the enzyme primase at the start of DNA replication. This is subsequently replaced by the corresponding DNA nucleotides.
There is an RNA (TERC) in the enzyme telomerase. This provides a template for the reverse transcriptase in telomerase to use as it extends telomeres.
There are also small nuclear RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, and others.
What else can I help you with?
How many different RNA are found in cells?
There are three main types of RNA found in cells: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNA molecules play crucial roles in protein synthesis and gene expression within cells.
Where does transcription occur in living things?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. It is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA by RNA polymerase. This RNA molecule can then be used to produce proteins or perform other cellular functions.
What must cells produce to make large amounts of a particular protein?
Generally large amounts of messenger Rna {mRna} that code for the particular protein.
Why is reverse transcriptase used to produce proteins artificially?
Reverse transcriptase is used to produce proteins artificially because it can convert RNA into complementary DNA, which can then be used as a template for protein synthesis. This is particularly useful when working with RNA viruses or when studying gene expression in cells that primarily contain RNA instead of DNA.
What is RNA polymerase and tell its functions?
RNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA molecules from a DNA template during transcription. It catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides to produce an RNA strand complementary to the DNA template. RNA polymerase plays a crucial role in gene expression by transcribing the genetic information encoded in DNA into functional RNA molecules such as messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA.
Do prokaryotic cells contain RNA?
Yes. RNA is used by cells to make proteins. All living organisms produce proteins. In addition to prokaryotes, some viruses only use RNA as genetic material, but use the host cell to produce the proteins. These are called retroviruses like HIV.
What is the important of the cells ability to copy single DNA sequence into RNA?
The ability to copy a single DNA sequence into RNA makes it possible for a single gene to produce hundreds or even thousands of RNA molecules.
How many different RNA are found in cells?
There are three main types of RNA found in cells: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNA molecules play crucial roles in protein synthesis and gene expression within cells.
What is the importance of a cells ability to copy a single DNA sequence into rna?
The process of copying a single DNA sequence into RNA, known as transcription, is crucial for protein synthesis in cells. This allows the genetic information stored in DNA to be used by the cell to produce specific proteins necessary for various cellular functions and processes. Additionally, transcription enables cells to regulate gene expression and respond to internal and external signals effectively.
Where does transcription occur in living things?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. It is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA by RNA polymerase. This RNA molecule can then be used to produce proteins or perform other cellular functions.
What is the function of genetic material in a virus?
Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material. Viruses containing RNA as their genetic material are called retrovirusesThe genome of a virus could either be:single or double stranded DNAsingle or double stranded RNA
Where is DNA and rna found?
In prokaryotic cells, DNA and RNA are both found in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is typically restricted to the nucleus and RNA is mostly in the cytoplasm.
What must cells produce to make large amounts of a particular protein?
Generally large amounts of messenger Rna {mRna} that code for the particular protein.
Why is reverse transcriptase used to produce proteins artificially?
Reverse transcriptase is used to produce proteins artificially because it can convert RNA into complementary DNA, which can then be used as a template for protein synthesis. This is particularly useful when working with RNA viruses or when studying gene expression in cells that primarily contain RNA instead of DNA.
What is RNA polymerase and tell its functions?
RNA polymerase is an enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA molecules from a DNA template during transcription. It catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides to produce an RNA strand complementary to the DNA template. RNA polymerase plays a crucial role in gene expression by transcribing the genetic information encoded in DNA into functional RNA molecules such as messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA.
What is the importance of RNA Polymerase?
RNA polymerase is essential for gene transcription, as it catalyzes the synthesis of RNA using a DNA template. It plays a key role in gene expression and regulation by transcribing DNA into RNA, which is then translated into proteins. Without RNA polymerase, cells would not be able to produce the necessary proteins for their survival and function.
Does dh5a cells have RNA polymerase?
no
