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The only designated colors in electrical wiring in North America are White as a neutral and Green as a ground wire. All other colors can be used as live wires. There are specific colors designated by the electrical code for phase wiring.

Answer for European Systems

The relevant regulations define all conductors, other than the protective (earth/ground) conductor, as 'live' conductors. In Europe, the line conductor has a nominal potential of 230 V with respect to the neutral conductor.

In Europe, the the three line conductors of a three-phase system are identified with brown, black, and grey insulation, respectively. For single-phase systems, brown is normally used. Neutral conductors are identified using blue insulation, and protective (earth/ground) conductors are identified using green/yellow stripedinsulation.

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