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An Electrician is a tradesman who specializes in wiring and such; basically anything that involves electricity. They install, maintain and repair the electrical systems in a variety of places (though the maintenance part is pretty rare in a household - people aren't willing to pay the rates they'd charge without a problem that's beyond their abilities.
I'd argue everyone should have some amount of electrical training (enough to know that when a circuit breaker trips, it's usually for a reason, and enough to be able to come up with a reason for it to happen), but any major wiring or repair jobs should be left to an electrician.
What else can I help you with?
Who fits electrical gadgets in your house?
electriction
Jobs for electricity what are the names of jobs that use eletricity?
A teacher uses electicity
Can home owner do wiring work?
Yes you can. THe only catch is most municipalities will have you get a licensed electriction to "sign off" on the work
What should you check for when the fuse for the rear brake lights keep blowing on a 1989 Honda CRX?
nothing, get it fixed by an auto electriction , there is a shortage somewhere
What happens when a human is shocked by 220 volts?
well it just happened to me. it did not feel good but I'm still alive. no burn on my skin but i can still feel it. it did trip a fuse at my house though so maybe that saved me? I'm not sure. anyway, don't mess with wires if they could still be live. I'm calling an electriction to install my lights from now on :)
How much does an electriction make per year?
The amount an electrician makes per year is dependent on alot of variables Geographic location union affiliation type of work such as residential commercial or industrial whether you do construction or maintenance the higher wages are found on the coasts and northern part of the country and larger metro areas you could expect 25 to 40 dollars per hour in the higher scales plus usually a 5 to 15 dollar per hour benny package for construction a bit less for maintenance work translates to 50K up to 80K per year with no overtime overtime can increase income dramatically construction pays higher and usually no problem finding work but there are some times when jobs are scarce maintenance is alot more steady and reliable but can become monotonous if you plan to just do residential work then figure 16 to 25 dollars per hour southern and sparsely populated areas decrease the above examples by 20 to 30 percent
How much should building plans cost?
it all depends on the building, if its a simple house the cost is little, around 300 per set of plans, if it a one of a kind house well it can cost a bunch and also how many sets of blue prints do you need determans the cost it also depends on where you live, you may need a set for the building inspector, city hall, contractor, plumber, electriction, concrete company, if your ordering trus's the trus company may need a set, cabnet builders and if your planing to build in a sub division or planed community there committy may have guildlines you have to build by. also if your not sure what style of house your looking for lowes and home depot have books on house plans that are cheap you can look through and if you like a plan you can order one set and just have copys made from the one set, my advice on blue prints would be buy 2 sets, keep one set for yourself incase you need to have copys made and have one set laminated to be kept on site for all the contractors to use, buy a 4 ft 4 inch pice of PVC pipe with a cap glued on one end and a screw cap glued to the other end to keep the laminated set in to protect it from the weather
What did nicklous tesla do?
He took us away from DC or direct current electric to AC or allternating current ....during his time Thomas Edison was wiring NYC with DC power needing power plants every few miles and booster stations every few city blocks..... Tesla showed his way was better by making an auditorum 4 times brighter using half the power and half the bulbs (made by Edison) in retalliation Edison started having public demonstrations of AC current and publicly electrocution all kinds of animals from small rabbits to elephants (sick) Tesla countered with a Public demonstartion of his own ...in whitch he stood bare footed on top his Tesla Coil with lighting coming from his head and arms holding 2 diffrent kids of Lights in his hand (lit) and speeking with a vibration in his voice saying his power is as dangerous and the person using it...after the aplause his power was the only one used and was able to be trasnmitted over great disstances with out boosting it ...his first large scale demonstration of this was in Niagra Falls NY during the 1901 worlds fair ...the power was made in Niagra falls and transmitted through wires to Buffalo NY some 23 miles away ...as a type of protest Edison called all distubuters of his Edison bulbs and told them not to sell them to tesla so Tesla got a glass blowing company to make a new style Bulb to light up that worlds fair the style stayed ever since ...it is the standard base we all have in our home this day ....the Edison Bulb was much larger near 2inchs round .... If there is any other questions on Tesla drop me a line ...Iam his Number One fan and to this day make my living from what he brought us ....iam an electriction and a electrical teacher at a collage here in Buffalo NY
How do you find a hermit crab if its lost URGENT?
if its lost but you think its still in the tank, they love to dig and it is somewhere in the floor of your tank. hermit crabs are escape artists, so if you have a branch at the top of the tank, it would climb up and fall out the edge. if its lost and is not in the tank, theres not really much to do except watch the floor carefully and put a lid on the top of the tank so it doesnt happen again, or the crab could just be in another shell. first of all, there should already be a lid on the cage so you wouldn't have this problem! but, if the hermit crab got out, i would suggest closing the door to the room so it stays in the room and put food on the floor. if the crab has a favorite type of food, that would be better to put on the floor. if that doesnt work, start up a search party and find that little sucker! good luck. I lost mine 3 times in one day. We looked everywhere. They are nocturnal so we turned off the lights in one room and waited. The crab finally came to the dark room and we found it. If this dosent work put food (tuna or peanut butter) on foil and if the crab goes to get food you will hear it on the foil.
Data flow diagram for railway reservation?
RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEMThis system is basically concerned with the reservation and cancellation of railway tickets to the passengers. The need of this system arose because as is the known fact that India has the largest railway network in the whole of the world and to handle it manually is quite a tough job. By computerizing it, we will be able to overcome many of its limitations and will be able to make it more efficient. The handling of data and records for such a vast system is a very complex task if done manually but it can be made much easier if the system is computerized.To be more specific, our system is limited in such a way that a train starting from a particular source will have a single destination.The basic functions being performed by our system are reservation and cancellation. These functions will be handled with the help of following sub functions: -Ñ It reserves and cancels seats for the passenger.Ñ It contains information about the trains.Ñ It contains information about the passenger.Ñ It contains the details of reservation fees, any concessions etc.Ñ It makes entries for reservation, waiting, cancelled tickets.Ñ It will update for uptime and downtime trains.Index:-· System Specification§ Security§ Limitation of Executing System· Data Flow Diagrams· Description of Flow Chart· Entity Relationship Diagrams· Feasibility Study· Introduction of Feasibility study· Summary· Testing· Debugging· Conclusion· ReferenceSYSTEM SPECIFICATIONThe railway network is a very vast system to be handled manually and its computerization will prove to be of great help to both the employees and the passengers.SECURITY:-From security point of view, authentication will be done by password checking. If correct password has been entered by the user, the user will get further access to the system, otherwise he will have to re-enter the password. The facility to change the password has also been provided but for that the user will have to first enter the old password. The password can be four characters long.LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM: -Ñ Data redundancy: It means that same data fields appear in many different files and often in different formats. In manual system, it poses quite a big problem because the data has to be maintained in large volumes but in our system, this problem can be overcome by providing the condition that if the data entered is duplicate, it will not be entered, otherwise, updating will take place.Ñ Difficulty in accessing the data: In manual system, searching information is time consuming but in our system, any information can be accessed by providing the primary key.Ñ Unsatisfactory security measures: In manual system, no security measures were provided but in this system, password security has been provided. The person can access the system by providing the correct password otherwise he is denied the access.DATA FLOW DIAGRAMSThe data flow diagram is a graphical representation that depicts information flow and the transforms that are applied as data moves from input to output. The DFD may be used to represent a system or software at any level of abstraction. In fact DFD may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing information flow and functional detail.The level 0 DFD or a context model represents the entire software element as a single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming and outgoing arrows, respectively.In level 0 diagram shown below, the passenger fills either the reservation or cancellation form as input. He gets the ticket as the output and the report is sent to the administration.Up/down train infoFill cancellation formPassengerAdminFill reservation form resva/cancle infoTicket info passenger infoWaiting infoLevel - 1 data flow diagramUp StorageDown StorageA level 1 DFD is the furthur refinement of level 0 DFD showing greater details and functionalities. In this, the single bubble of level 0 DFD is refined furthur . Each of the processes depicted at level 1 is a subfunction of the overall system depicted in the context model.As shown in the DFD above, the passenger either enquires about the trains or goes directly for the reservation or the cancellation processes as a result of which he gets the ticket generated. The reports are then sent to the administration.Level 2 DFDCancel tableReservation tableWaiting tableThe level 2 DFD is the further refinement of the level 1 DFD. As shown in the DFD above the passenger has many options like he can directly go to the reservation counter or can first inquire and then go to the reservation counter or he can just inquire and return back. If the passenger wants reservation then the seats are checked for availability and if the seats are available the confirmation ticket is generated otherwise he is asked for waiting and waiting ticket is generated if he wants. If the user wants tickets to be cancelled he is given the cancellation ticket and the reports of all the transactions are sent to the administrator.DESCRIPTION OF FLOW CHARTThe program flowchart shows how the system proceeds from the input form to the output form of the system. It explains how the system is actually processed step by step .It represents the flow of control as the system is processed.There are three types of program flow chart:1. Input flow chart: This flowchart depicts the basic input operations in the system. In railway reservation system, first of all the password is checked then if the password is valid then we process the input form if the data is valid then the entries are updated in the data base otherwise the form is refilled.2. Output flow chart: This flowchart depicts the basic output operations in the system. The user is required to enter the criteria for output. If it is for the reservation then the availability if seats is checked. If the seats are available then the confirmed ticket is generated otherwise the user is asked for waiting and if he wants then waiting ticket is generated. If the user wants the seat to be cancelled it is done and the cancelled ticket is generated for the user. The information about all the above transactions is then transferred to the related databases.3. Report flow chart: This flowchart depicts the basic operations for the generation of reports. If the entries from the processed database are valid the concerned reports are generated otherwise the process will have to be repeated.NoYesReservation database is updatedINPUT FLOW CHARTENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMEntity relationship diagram expresses the overall logical structure of a database graphically. It shows the relationship between different entities. The entities can have composite, multivolume or derived attributes. The entities and their attributes are: -1 Passenger#. Name*. First name*. Middle name*. Last name#. Gender#. Address*. House no.*. Street*. City#. Age#. Phone no.2 Form#. Form no.3 Ticket#. Ticket no.*. Waiting*. Confirmed*. Cancelled4 Reservation counter5 Administrator6 Train#. Train no#. Train name#. Source#. Destination7 Seat#. Seat no.#. Compartment no.The relationships between different entities are: -1. Fill: The passenger fills the form. 2. Submit: The form is submitted to the reservation counter.3. Check: The reservation counter checks the seats.4. Generate: Reservation counter generates the ticket.5. Issue: Reservation counter issues ticket to the passenger.6. Send info: The reservation counter sends information to the administrator.7. Allotted: The seat is allotted in the train.SymbolsMeaningsData flowProcessData storeEntityENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAMOUTPUT FLOWCHARTREPORT FLOWCHARTFEASIBILITY STUDYAn initial investigation in a proposal that determines whether an alternative system is feasible. A proposal summarizing the thinking of the analyst is presented to the user for review. When approved, the proposal initiates feasibility study that describes and evaluates candidate systems and provides for the selection of best system that meets system performance requirements.To do a feasibility study, we need to consider the economic, technical factors in system development. First a project team is formed. The team develops system flowcharts that identify the characteristics of candidate systems, evaluate the performance of each system, weigh system performance and cost data and select the best candidate system for the job. The study culminates in a final report to the management.By the end of this chapter you should know:1. The steps in defining system performance.2. What key considerations are involved in feasibility analysis?3. How to conduct a feasibility study?INTRODUCTION1. Describe and identify characteristics of candidate systems.2. Determine and evaluate performance and cost effectiveness of each candidate system.4. Weigh system performance and cost data.5. Select the best candidate system.SUMMARY1. A feasibility study is conducted to select the best system that meets performance requirements. This entails an identification description, an evaluation of candidate systems, and the selection of the best system for the job.2. A statement of constraints, the identification of specific system objectives and a description of outputs define a system's required performance. The analyst is then ready to evaluate the feasibility of candidate systems to produce these outputs.3. Three key considerations are involved in feasibility analysis: economic, technical and behavioral.4. There are eight steps in feasibility study:a. STATEMENT OF CONSTRAINTSConstraints are factors that limit the solution of a problem. Some constraints are identified during the initial investigationb. IDENTIFICATION F SPECIFIC SYSTEM OBJECTIVESOnce the constraints are spelled out, the analyst proceeds to identify the system's specific performance objectives. They are derived from the general objectives specified in the project directive at the end of the initial investigation. The steps are to state the system's benefits and then translate them into measurable objectives.c. DESCRIPTION OF OUTPUTSA final step in system performance definition is describing the output required by the user. An actual sketch of the format and contents of the reports as well as a specification of the media used, their frequency, size and numbers of copies required are prepared at this point.d. FEASIBILITY CONSIDERATIONSThree key considerations are involved in the feasibility analysis:1. Economic feasibility2. Technical feasibility3. Behavioral feasibilityTesting and DebuggingTesting:Testing is the process of exercising software with the intent of finding errors and ultimately correcting them. The following testing techniques have been used to make this project free of errors.Content ReviewThe whole content of the project has been reviewed thoroughly to uncover typographical errors, grammatical error and ambiguous sentences. Navigation ErrorsDifferent users were allowed to navigate through the project to uncover the navigation errors. The views of the user regarding the navigation flexibility and user friendliness were taken into account and implemented in the project. Unit TestingFocuses on individual software units, groups of related units. · Unit - smallest testable piece of software.· A unit can be compiled /assembled / linked/loaded; and put under a test harness.· Unit testing done to show that the unit does not satisfy the application and /or its implemented software does not match the intended designed structure.Integration TestingFocuses on combining units to evaluate the interaction among them · Integration is the process of aggregating components to create larger components.· Integration testing done to show that even though components were individually satisfactory, the combination is incorrect and inconsistent.System Testing Focuses on a complete integrated system to evaluate compliance with specified requirements (test characteristics that are only present when entire system is run)· A system is a big component.· System testing is aimed at revealing bugs that cannot be attributed to a component as such, to inconsistencies between components or planned interactions between components.· Concern: issues, behaviors that can only be exposed by testing the entire integrated system (e.g., performance, security, recovery)Each form encapsulates (labels, texts, grid etc.). Hence in case of project in V.B. form are the basic units. Each form is tested thoroughly in term of calculation, display etc.Regression TestingEach time a new form is added to the project the whole project is tested thoroughly to rectify any side effects. That might have occurred due to the addition of the new form. Thus regression testing has been performed. Debugging:Debugging is a consequence of successful testing. That is when a test care uncovers an error, debugging is the process that results in the removal of errors. There are mainly two types of debugging.BacktrackingBacktracking is a fairly common debugging approach that can be used successfully in small programs. Beginning at the site where a symptom has been uncovered, the source code is traced backward until the site of the cause is found. Brute ForcingThis is the most common category of debugging which involves loading the source code with write statements and tracking line by line execution to isolate possible errors. ConclusionPractical Training is a very important part of the curriculum as it strengthens the concepts and enhances knowledge about the practical implementation of all the theory concepts, we have learnt so far in different subjects.This summer training helped us learn a lot. In this training we did the project on railway reservation system. This project is used to keep a track on reserving the seat to the passenger. It helps managing the system very efficiently and conveniently.Finally, this gives us a lot of mental satisfaction that the project we have worked upon is a real time project, which will be installed at the customer site after some more session of regress testing.Although the project work has been done in a complete and detailed manner but due to the constraint of time, we could not include some more features we wanted to. We left these features as a part of the future development. As soon as we'll get time we'll try to add them to my project.Reference:-v Henry F Korth, Abraham Silberschatz, ''Database system concepts'', McGrsw-Hill Internation editions, Computer Science Series (1991). Second Ed.v Software Engineering ,McGrsw-Hill Internation editionsv www.Google.com.Made By:-Sunil Kumar Sharma3rd Year (Computer Engineering)Jaipur Engineering College, KukasE-mail: suniljoshi151@yahoo.in.
