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Moderation slows or reduces the energy of neutrons in a nuclear reactor. By doing this, moderation allows continuation of the chain reaction. Neutrons will only cause more fission events when they have a specific range of energy, but they have too much energy when they are first emitted from their precipitating event, hence the need for moderation.

Moderation also regulates the reaction. In the light water moderated reactor, for instance, a common design, water is the moderator. Water is also the heat sink, carrying away the energy of the reaction to make steam which spins turbines and makes electricity. If reactivity were to increase, temperature would also increase, causing an increase in the number of voids in the water. This reduces the effectiveness of the moderator and tends to decrease reactivity. Similarly, if reactivity were to decrease, temperature would decrease, causing voids to decrease, ultimately causing reactivity to increase. Conversely, if the load changes, that will reflect back into the water temperature, causing reactivity to adjust accordingly. It is a self-stabilizing situation.

It is also a safety designed system. If there were a sudden loss of heat sink, such as a turbine load rejection, temperature would go up, causing a decrease in reactivity. If there were a steam line break, causing a depressurization incident, the water would flash to steam and the reactor would go instantly subcritical. In both of these scenarios, there would be time to insert the control rods, forcing the reactor further subcritical, and giving the emergency core cooling systems time to startup.

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What defines the process in a nuclear reactor that reduces the speed of neutrons so they can be captured by the reactor fuel in order to continue the chain reaction?

You did not provide the list of "the following". However, the answer to the question is moderation. Moderation is the process whereby the neutron is slowed down in order to facilitate its subsequent capture by the nuclei of the fuel.


What is artificial nuclear reactor?

An artificial nuclear reactor is a device that initiates and controls a sustained nuclear chain reaction. This reaction produces heat, which is used to produce electricity in nuclear power plants. The fission process in these reactors generates energy by splitting atomic nuclei.


How many control rods are there in a nuclear reactor?

The number of control rods in a nuclear reactor can vary depending on the design and size of the reactor. Typically, a nuclear reactor can have anywhere from 50 to 100 control rods. These rods are used to control the rate of the nuclear reaction by absorbing neutrons and regulating the power output of the reactor.


What is a Nuclear reactor moisture separator?

This is used in the nuclear reactor that is known as Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) in which heat produced by the nuclear fission in the nuclear fuel allows the light water reactor coolant to boil. Then, the nuclear reactor moisture separator is used to increase the dryness of the produced steam before it goes to the reactor steam turbines.


What does fission happen in?

Nuclear reactor

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What defines the process in a nuclear reactor that reduces the speed of neutrons so they can be captured by the reactor fuel in order to continue the chain reaction?

You did not provide the list of "the following". However, the answer to the question is moderation. Moderation is the process whereby the neutron is slowed down in order to facilitate its subsequent capture by the nuclei of the fuel.


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