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What are phage vectors?
"Vector" is an agent that can carry a DNA fragment into a host cell. If it is used for reproducing the DNA fragment, it is called a "cloning vector". If it is used for expressing certain gene in the DNA fragment, it is called an "expression vector".Commonly used vectors include plasmid, Lambda phage, cosmid and yeast artificial chromosome (YAC).
What does it mean for a virus to have a lysogenic reproductive cycle?
The lysogenic cycle replicates the phage genome without destroying the host. Similar to Lytic reproduction, Lysogenic also begins when the phage inserts its DNA or RNA into the host cell through its surface. Once the nucleic acid is inside the cell, it forms a circle, and becomes a part of the genome of the host cell. It does this through genetic recombination, or crossing over. Once it joins the host’s genome, it is called a prophage. Since it is a part of the host cell’s genome, the phage’s genetic information is copied and distributed to the daughter cells of the host cell, which continues dividing naturally. This allows the prophage to be repeatedly copied and passed on without destroying the host cell it depends on for metabolic and reproduction purposes. In order for actual active phages to be produced, the segment of genome from the original phage exits the genome of the host cell and becomes independent. When this occurs, it begins the lytic cycle, destroying the cell, but producing new and functional phages.
Can viruses replicate?
Viruses are unable to replicate on their own and require a host cell to do so. Once inside a host cell, a virus hijacks the cell's machinery to produce more copies of itself.
What is the specific host cell of the West Nile Virus?
The specific host cell for West Nile Virus is the neuronal cell in the central nervous system. Once inside these cells, the virus can replicate and cause damage, leading to neurological symptoms in infected individuals.
Does a virus need food warth and moisture to grow?
No, viruses do not grow in the same way that bacteria or fungi do. They need a host cell to replicate and spread. Once inside a host cell, viruses use the cell's machinery to make copies of themselves.
What kind of cell does a phage infect?
A phage infects bacterial cells by injecting its genetic material into the host bacterium. Once inside, the phage hijacks the bacterium's cellular machinery to replicate and produce more phage particles, ultimately leading to the bacterium's destruction.
What are phage vectors?
"Vector" is an agent that can carry a DNA fragment into a host cell. If it is used for reproducing the DNA fragment, it is called a "cloning vector". If it is used for expressing certain gene in the DNA fragment, it is called an "expression vector".Commonly used vectors include plasmid, Lambda phage, cosmid and yeast artificial chromosome (YAC).
At what point in the reproductive cycle of the T4 bacteriophage is host cell infection irreversible?
Once the T4 bacteriophage injects its genetic material into the host cell, infection becomes irreversible. This usually occurs as soon as the phage's tail fibers attach and the genome is injected, initiating the takeover of the host cell machinery for viral replication.
What does it mean for a virus to have a lysogenic reproductive cycle?
The lysogenic cycle replicates the phage genome without destroying the host. Similar to Lytic reproduction, Lysogenic also begins when the phage inserts its DNA or RNA into the host cell through its surface. Once the nucleic acid is inside the cell, it forms a circle, and becomes a part of the genome of the host cell. It does this through genetic recombination, or crossing over. Once it joins the host’s genome, it is called a prophage. Since it is a part of the host cell’s genome, the phage’s genetic information is copied and distributed to the daughter cells of the host cell, which continues dividing naturally. This allows the prophage to be repeatedly copied and passed on without destroying the host cell it depends on for metabolic and reproduction purposes. In order for actual active phages to be produced, the segment of genome from the original phage exits the genome of the host cell and becomes independent. When this occurs, it begins the lytic cycle, destroying the cell, but producing new and functional phages.
What are the two ways a virus multiplies?
A bacteriophage ( virus that infect bacteria) can multiply in a cell by two ways:lytic and lysogenic cycle.In lytic cycle, the phage DNA enters the cell, replicate and assembled within the cell and released outside by rupturing the host. It continues to invade the other bacteria.In case of lysogenic cycle the phage DNA once it enter the host cell gets integrated into the host genome and multiply along with host DNA. It remains latent. Upon proper induction, it undergoes lytic cycle again.The viruses that multiply by integrating into the host genome are widely used in gene therapy.
Can viruses replicate?
Viruses are unable to replicate on their own and require a host cell to do so. Once inside a host cell, a virus hijacks the cell's machinery to produce more copies of itself.
What is the specific host cell of the West Nile Virus?
The specific host cell for West Nile Virus is the neuronal cell in the central nervous system. Once inside these cells, the virus can replicate and cause damage, leading to neurological symptoms in infected individuals.
What happens if a virus gets through a membrane?
The virus attempts to take over the host cell's DNA, and if successful, when the host cells divide via mitosis, instead of making copies of a healthy cell, the system produces new copies of the virus infected cell, which leads to an infection.
Does a virus need food warth and moisture to grow?
No, viruses do not grow in the same way that bacteria or fungi do. They need a host cell to replicate and spread. Once inside a host cell, viruses use the cell's machinery to make copies of themselves.
What must be true for viruses to be able to replicate?
Viruses must infect a host cell in order to replicate. Once inside the host cell, the virus can hijack the cell's machinery to produce new viral particles. Without a host cell, viruses are unable to replicate.
What do viruses have to rely on for replication?
They rely on their host. They can not reproduce on their own, so they are not considered living. They inject genetic information into a host cell and make the cell produce more viruses.
How does a virus get inside the cells it attacks?
The virus has proteins on its outer shell (capsid) that bind to the living host cell. Once the virus has attached to the cell, it enters the cell or inserts its DNA/RNA into the cell. When inside, the DNA/RNA instructs the cell to use the cell's resources to create more viruses. Viruses are not living, and do not have their own resources for creating new duplicates of themselves, which is why they must invade a living host's cells to replicate. After a while, when the host cell can no longer contain the amount of newly created viruses inside of it, the other protein that the virus carried on its capsid causes the cell to burst which releases the new viruses to go and attach to other cells in the host or perhaps to another host by contamination from the original host.
