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We observe the universe with our various telescopes. Since light travels at a finite speed, it takes time for any light to travel from an object (say, a galaxy), to your telescope. Therefore, for any distant object, you are not seeing the object as it appears now, but as it appeared when the light left it.

For very distant objects this can be billions of years, and further back in time you look, the more different the universe appears. Beyond about 13 billion years, there are no galaxies, for example.

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