Safety flame
The flame will start to weaken and eventually go out as you cover the air holes. This is because the flame needs oxygen to sustain combustion, and by covering the air holes, you are restricting the flow of air needed for the flame to burn.
Soot is present in the flame because when the air holes are closed, there is not enough oxygen for the fuel to burn completely. This incomplete combustion leads to the formation of carbon particles, which then combine to form soot.
When the air valve in closed a yellow luminous flame is observed due to carbon particles from in incomplete combustion.
A roaring flame indicates that the air inlet is open too far and should be closed slightly.
Because more air is able to fuel the flame's reaction; the collar at the bottom of the tube is adjusted so more air can mix with the gas before combustion, the flame will burn hotter.
When the air holes of a Bunsen burner are closed, the flame will turn yellow and become sooty due to incomplete combustion. This is because the lack of oxygen restricts the amount of air reaching the flame, leading to inefficient burning of the fuel gas.
When air holes are closed, oxygen supply decreases, leading to incomplete combustion and the production of soot particles. These soot particles can get heated up to incandescence and emit visible light, creating a luminous flame. The presence of carbon in the soot is what causes the flame to appear luminous.
I assume the air holes are on a bunsen burner? In which case, when the air hole is closed the flame glows yellow, is less hot, and is more like the flame on a wax candle. When the air hole is opened, air is drawn in and the flame burns blue and produces a fiercer heat.
The flame will start to weaken and eventually go out as you cover the air holes. This is because the flame needs oxygen to sustain combustion, and by covering the air holes, you are restricting the flow of air needed for the flame to burn.
It is often called the safety flame, (often referred to as put it on the safety flame).
A bunsen burner (as used in a science lab or science classroom) will burn quietly, and a flickery yellow (like a wax candle) if the air hole is closed, or closed too much. If the air holes is opened, the flame will turn bluish and become noisy and hotter as more air mixes with the gas.
Soot is present in the flame because when the air holes are closed, there is not enough oxygen for the fuel to burn completely. This incomplete combustion leads to the formation of carbon particles, which then combine to form soot.
Opening the air holes increases the amount of air mixing with the gas, resulting in a hotter and more efficient flame. Closing the air holes reduces the amount of air mixing with the gas, leading to a cooler and less efficient flame. Adjusting the air holes allows for better control of the flame temperature.
Air hole fully open gives a 'roaring blue flame'
When the air hole is half open, the flame is called a "medium" or "moderate" flame. This means it is not burning too high or too low and is at an optimal level for cooking. Adjusting the air hole can help control the intensity of the flame.
Oh, dude, closing the air holes restricts the airflow to the flame, which reduces the amount of oxygen available for combustion. This makes the flame less intense and decreases the chances of it getting out of control. So, yeah, it's safer because you're basically suffocating the flame a bit. Like, it's like putting a lid on a pot to simmer down the heat.
The luminous flame is present when the air valve is closed because of an incomplete combustion process and the burning of trapped carbon (soot).