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Anaerobic respiration is the incomplete breakdown of glucose, without oxygen. The word equation below refers to anaerobic respiration in humans (plants release ethanol, CO2 and energy): glucose -----> lactic acid + energy When we exercise strenuously, our muscles need more oxygen to carry out aerobic respiration. To do this, heart rate and breathing rate increase. Yet if we continue exercising for too long, the supply of oxygen won't be able to keep up with demand from the muscles. This is when anaerobic respiration occurs. Lactic acid is a mild toxin in the body; to remove it after having exercised, we need still more oxygen. This explains why our breathing and heart rates remain high after running or cycling or swimming - we are repaying our "oxygen debt".

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