Sounds like the alkaline earth metals.
Beryllium (Be) has two valence electrons in its outer shell. To achieve a stable electron configuration, it typically forms compounds by sharing or losing these two electrons. Therefore, Beryllium does not need any additional valence electrons; it is stable with the two it has.
The outermost electron shell, known as the valence shell, contains the most reactive electrons. These electrons are involved in chemical reactions and interactions with other atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration, usually by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
Calcium has two valence electrons and needs to lose both to achieve a stable electron configuration, resulting in 8 valence electrons in the nearest noble gas configuration (argon). By losing these two electrons, calcium forms a cation with a charge of +2, resulting in a Ca²⁺ ion.
Atoms can attain the same electron configuration as noble gases by either gaining, losing, or sharing electrons to achieve a full outer shell (valence shell) of electrons. This allows the atom to achieve stability similar to the noble gas configuration.
Cesium tends to lose electrons rather than gain them. As an alkali metal, cesium typically forms a +1 cation by losing its single valence electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Magnesium will lose 2 electrons to have the same electron configuration as Neon. Neon has a full valence shell with 8 electrons, and Magnesium has 2 valence electrons. By losing 2 electrons, Magnesium can achieve a full valence shell and the same electron configuration as Neon.
Losing an electron cesium has a noble gas configuration.
Sodium can become stable by losing 1 electron, forming a sodium ion with a 1+ charge, with the formula Na+. By losing its single valence electron, the resulting sodium ion achieves the noble gas configuration of neon, so that it has an octet (8) of valence electrons.
Beryllium (Be) has two valence electrons in its outer shell. To achieve a stable electron configuration, it typically forms compounds by sharing or losing these two electrons. Therefore, Beryllium does not need any additional valence electrons; it is stable with the two it has.
Aluminium has a 3 valence electrons, 3s2, 3p1
The outermost electron shell, known as the valence shell, contains the most reactive electrons. These electrons are involved in chemical reactions and interactions with other atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration, usually by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.
Calcium has two valence electrons and needs to lose both to achieve a stable electron configuration, resulting in 8 valence electrons in the nearest noble gas configuration (argon). By losing these two electrons, calcium forms a cation with a charge of +2, resulting in a Ca²⁺ ion.
Atoms can attain the same electron configuration as noble gases by either gaining, losing, or sharing electrons to achieve a full outer shell (valence shell) of electrons. This allows the atom to achieve stability similar to the noble gas configuration.
Cesium tends to lose electrons rather than gain them. As an alkali metal, cesium typically forms a +1 cation by losing its single valence electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.
Potassium has a valence of +1. This means that it typically forms ions with a positive charge of +1 by losing one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.
A calcium atom must lose 2 electrons to have 8 valence electrons, achieving a full outer shell and stability. Calcium is in group 2 of the periodic table, so it has 2 valence electrons originally. By losing 2 electrons, it will have a stable electron configuration similar to a noble gas.
Barium forms an ion with a 2+ charge because it has 2 valence electrons in its outer shell. By losing these 2 electrons, barium achieves a stable electron configuration similar to a noble gas, which is energetically favorable.