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1. Passive transport processes describe substances moving from regions of higher to lower concentrations without the use of energy. This includes diffusion, which is the basic movement of substances from an area of higher to lower concentration, as well as osmosis, which is the movement of water from an area of higher to lower concentration. Facilitated diffusioninvolves the diffusion of solutes or water through channel proteins in the plasma membrane.

2. Active transport processes involve the movement of solute against a gradient, meaning it moves from areas of lower to higher concentration, and requires energy in the form of ATP. Transport proteins assist in moving these substances in and out of the membrane.

3. Vesicular transport involves processes that use vesicles or other bodies in the cytoplasm to move large molecules or particles across the membrane. Endocytosis involves the capture of a substance outside of the cell when the membrane engulfs it. Two of these processes are called phagocytosis, in which the membrane engulfs solid material, and pinocytosis, which involves the membrane folding inward to form a channel for liquids to enter.

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