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Gram stain is used to determine whether the cell is gram positive or negative. Gram positive is when the cell has very thick layers of peptidoglycan, and gram negative when the layers are thin. In the staining process, those that decolorize easily are gram negative, and the one that retain the primary stain are gram positive. The acid fast staining is a techique that stains only the gram positive and only the genuses of mycobacterium, nocardia, and actinomycetes.

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