Mutation
Trisomy occurs when there is an extra chromosome present in the cells, typically due to an error in cell division during the formation of sperm or egg cells. This mutation can happen during meiosis, the process of cell division that produces gametes, leading to a fertilized egg with three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two. In the case of Down syndrome (trisomy 21), for example, this error occurs during the formation of the egg or sperm, and the exact timing can vary, but it generally happens before conception.
Canadian and British researchers have discovered that chromosomes play an active role in animal cell division. This occurs at a precise stage - cytokinesis - when the cell splits into two new daughter cells.In animal cells, division involves mitosis, the separation of chromosomes followed by splitting of the cell into two new daughter cells by cytokinesis. "Division is a complex and robust process that is generally performed flawlessly, but when an error occurs in DNA separation or during cytokinesis, it can be a source for triggering cancer, for example," said Hickson.
Variation can occur during cell division due to errors in the replication of DNA or random mutations. These errors can lead to changes in the genetic material of the cells, resulting in variations in the offspring cells. Additionally, environmental factors or external influences can also contribute to variations during cell division.
XYY syndrome is caused by an extra Y chromosome in males. This condition typically occurs due to a random error in cell division during either the formation of the sperm or the egg. It is not inherited and does not have a clear genetic cause.
When an error occurs in making a copy of DNA, we call it a mutation.
Mutation
errors which come during compilation is known as compilation error. here we get syntax errors only not logical errors like division by zero. logical error occur during run time example:if you write a program for division with zero you will not get compilation error but during execution you will error
Trisomy occurs when there is an extra chromosome present in the cells, typically due to an error in cell division during the formation of sperm or egg cells. This mutation can happen during meiosis, the process of cell division that produces gametes, leading to a fertilized egg with three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two. In the case of Down syndrome (trisomy 21), for example, this error occurs during the formation of the egg or sperm, and the exact timing can vary, but it generally happens before conception.
An error condition that occurs when an item is called for from the stack, but the stack is empty.
They include: incorrect copying of the DNA sequence when the DNA is replicated before division, and errors during recombination. If an error occurs in a sperm or an egg, the individual created from that gamete will have the change in every cell of their body.
Systemic or precisely Systematic Error in a reading taken by an instrument occurs due to the parts installed in it. Random error occurs when we get a number of repetitive readings during the same experiment because of human error. Perfect example for random is "Parallax Method".
All three are the error which occurs during the transmission. when a packet is less than 64 byte its is called runt normally occurs due to collision. Collision occurs when both interface try to transmit data. When the packet size is more than 6000 byte it is called giant it occurs due to fault in hardware or software of the sending device.
Mutation
Canadian and British researchers have discovered that chromosomes play an active role in animal cell division. This occurs at a precise stage - cytokinesis - when the cell splits into two new daughter cells.In animal cells, division involves mitosis, the separation of chromosomes followed by splitting of the cell into two new daughter cells by cytokinesis. "Division is a complex and robust process that is generally performed flawlessly, but when an error occurs in DNA separation or during cytokinesis, it can be a source for triggering cancer, for example," said Hickson.
Variation can occur during cell division due to errors in the replication of DNA or random mutations. These errors can lead to changes in the genetic material of the cells, resulting in variations in the offspring cells. Additionally, environmental factors or external influences can also contribute to variations during cell division.
Nondisjunction is a genetic error that occurs during cell division when homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly. This leads to an unequal distribution of chromosomes in the resulting daughter cells, which can result in genetic disorders such as Down syndrome.