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Ion exchange itself is an adsorption reaction too. The question is probably about the difference between ion exchange and specific sorption.

In ion exchange, an ion sorbs to the surface by removing an other ion of the same valence or multiple ions of lower valence. In this way, ion exchange never changes the surface charge.

Specific sorption describes the inner sphere complexing of an ion to the surface without the need for other ions to be removed. In this way, specific sorption is able to alter the surface charge.

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