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At the base of each semicircular canal is a structure called the ampulla, which contains a cluster of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous substance known as the cupula. These hair cells detect rotational motion of the head, as the movement causes the endolymph fluid within the canals to flow, bending the cupula and stimulating the hair cells. This sensory input is then transmitted to the brain, helping to maintain balance and spatial orientation.

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