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In the electrometallurgy of aluminium, a fused mixture of purified alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), cryolite (Na 3 AlF 6 ) and fluorspar (CaF 2 ) is electrolysed. In this electrolysis, graphite is used as the anode and graphite-lined iron is used as the cathode. During the electrolysis, Al is liberated at the cathode, while CO and CO 2 are liberated at the anode, according to the following equation.
If a metal is used instead of graphite as the anode, then O 2 will be liberated. This will not only oxidise the metal of the electrode, but also convert some of the Al liberated at the cathode back into Al 2 O 3 . Hence, graphite is used for preventing the formation of O 2 at the anode. Moreover, graphite is cheaper than other metals.
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