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To heighten the contrast between viruses and the background, use is made of electron-dense "stains". These are usually compounds of heavy metals of high atomic number, that serve to scatter the electrons from regions covered with the stain. If virus particles are coated with stain (positive staining), fine detail may be obscured. Negative staining overcomes this problem by staining the background and leaving the virus relatively untouched. The negative stain is moulded round the virus particle, outlining its structure, and is also able to penetrate between small surface projections and to delineate them. If there are cavities within the virus particle that are accessible to the stain, these will be revealed and some of the internal structure of the virus may be disclosed.

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