Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion describe the motion of one object in orbit around another. Newton's Laws of Motion and the Law of Universal Gravitation describe how objects move in response to a force and how objects are attracted to each other.
Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation provided a framework that supported and expanded upon Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Kepler's first two laws describe the elliptical orbits of planets and the relationship between their orbital period and distance from the sun. Newton's law of gravitation explains why planets move in these orbits, attributing the force that governs their motion to the gravitational pull of the sun. Thus, Newton's work confirmed and explained the underlying principles behind Kepler's observations.
The laws of motion are described by Newton's Three Laws. These laws don't coincide fully with previous beliefs about motion.
Newton took into account the force of gravity, which he showed was responsible for keeping the planets in orbit around the sun. Kepler's laws described the motion of planets but did not provide an explanation for what caused this motion.
Johannes Kepler is responsible for developing the three laws of planetary motion, which describe the motion of planets around the Sun. These laws are known as Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion and were published between 1609 and 1619.
Sir Isaac Newton described gravity and the three laws of motion in his work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" published in 1687. These laws are known as Newton's laws of motion and they form the foundation of classical mechanics.
Kepler's laws of planetary motion, which he formulated in the early 17th century, described the motion of planets around the sun but did not involve a formal understanding of gravity. Newton's law of universal gravitation, developed in the late 17th century, provided a theoretical explanation for Kepler's laws based on the force of gravity between masses. So Kepler did not believe in the same laws of gravity as Newton, but Newton's work built upon Kepler's observations.
Newton's theories, primarily articulated in his laws of motion and universal gravitation, describe how objects interact through forces, emphasizing the mathematical relationships between mass, distance, and gravity. In contrast, Kepler's theories focus on the motion of planets, specifically their elliptical orbits around the sun, outlined in his three laws of planetary motion. While Kepler's work provided the observational framework for planetary motion, Newton's laws offered the underlying physical principles that explain why those motions occur. Essentially, Kepler described the "how" of planetary motion, while Newton explained the "why."
The general laws about the planets' orbits were known before Newton - mainly, through the three Laws of Planetary Motion, by Kepler. Newton showed that the movement - as explained in Kepler's Laws - was a result of the laws of motion (especially Newton's Second Law), and of the force of gravitation.
Kepler's Laws describe what happens. Newton's Laws describes what happens and why. The why is the theoretical explanation due to Gravity.
natural consequences of the law of universal gravitation
Newton's derivation of Kepler's third law is an example of how theoretical physics can be used to explain and validate empirical observations. By applying his law of universal gravitation to Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Newton was able to mathematically derive Kepler's third law, providing a more fundamental understanding of the relationship between a planet's orbital period and its distance from the sun.
Johannes Kepler is credited with forming the mathematics of elliptical orbits.
Newton explained Kepler's laws of planetary motion using his laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. Newton showed that Kepler's laws could be derived from his own laws, providing a cohesive and comprehensive explanation for the motion of planets in the solar system. By combining these theories, Newton was able to show that a single set of principles could explain both terrestrial and celestial motion.
Johannes Kepler and Sir Isaac Newton
The laws of motion are described by Newton's Three Laws. These laws don't coincide fully with previous beliefs about motion.
Kepler is famous for his laws of planetary motion. This played a major fundamental role in Newton's work on gravity.
law of equal areas