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When a plano-convex lens with its convex surface is placed on a plane glass sheet, an air film of gradually increasing thickness outward is formed between the lens and the sheet. The thickness of film at the point of contact is zero. If monochromatic light is allowed to fall normally on the lens, and the film is viewed in reflected light, alternate bright and dark concentric rings are seen around the point of contact. These rings were first discovered by Newton, that's why they are called NEWTON'S RINGS .

experimental setup

Pattern of Newton's Ring

WHY NEWTON'S RINGS ARE FORMED

Newton's rings are formed due to interference between the light waves reflected from the top and bottom surfaces of the air film formed between the lens and glass sheet. EXPLANATIONThe phenomenon of the formation of theNewton's rings can be explained on the basis of wave theory of light.

An air film of varying thickness is formed between the lens and the glass sheet.

When a light ray is incident on the upper surface of the lens, it is reflected as well as refracted.

When the refracted ray strikes the glass sheet, it undergo a phase change of 180O on reflection.

Interference occurs between the two waves which interfere constructively if path difference between them is (m+1/2)land destructively if path difference between them is mlproducing alternate bright and dark rings.

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