The standard enthalpy of combustion (ΔH_comb) of phenol (C6H5OH) is approximately -3000 kJ/mol. This value reflects the energy released when one mole of phenol is completely burned in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. The exact value can vary slightly depending on the source and measurement conditions, but it generally indicates that phenol is a relatively high-energy compound.
The change in enthalpy between products and reactants in a reaction
The standard enthalpy of combustion for 1-propanol is approximately -2026 kJ/mol, meaning that the heat released when 1 mol of 1-propanol is completely burned is 2026 kJ.
The change in enthalpy ((\Delta H)) of a reaction is related to the standard enthalpy of formation ((\Delta H_f^\circ)) of the reactants and products. Specifically, (\Delta H) can be calculated using the equation (\Delta H = \sum \Delta H_f^\circ \text{(products)} - \sum \Delta H_f^\circ \text{(reactants)}). This relationship highlights how the energy changes associated with forming products from reactants dictate the overall energy change of the reaction. Essentially, it reflects the difference in stability between the reactants and products based on their formation enthalpies.
The pH of phenol varies in water and glycerin due to differences in their solvent properties. Water, being a polar solvent, can facilitate the ionization of phenol, leading to a lower pH because phenol can donate protons (H⁺ ions). In contrast, glycerin is a less polar solvent and has a higher viscosity, which reduces the solubility and ionization of phenol, resulting in a higher pH. Thus, the solvent's characteristics significantly influence phenol's acidity and its behavior in solution.
Delta S= Delta H
The molar heat of combustion of phenol can be calculated by measuring the heat released when a known amount of phenol is completely burned in a calorimeter. The heat released is then used to calculate the molar heat of combustion using the mass of phenol burned and the molar quantity of phenol. This calculation can be done using the formula: heat released = molar heat of combustion x moles of phenol.
The change in enthalpy between products and reactants in a reaction
The conjugate base of phenol is phenoxide ion (C6H5O-). When phenol loses a proton (H+), it forms this negatively charged species that is stabilized by resonance in its aromatic ring structure.
Yes
George H. Stevens has written: 'The manufacture of synthetic phenol from benzol by sulphonation' -- subject(s): Phenol 'Stevens' China wood oil formulary' -- subject(s): Tung-oil
Delta S represents the change in entropy of a system. In the equation delta G = delta H - T delta S, it is used to determine the contribution of entropy to the overall change in Gibbs free energy. A negative delta S value suggests a decrease in the disorder of a system.
When phenol acts as an acid, it donates a proton (H+ ion) to form the phenolate ion (C6H5O-).
Delta H represents the change in enthalpy of a system. In the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, it is the enthalpy change of the system. It indicates the heat absorbed or released during a reaction at constant pressure.
The change in enthalpy between products and reactants in a reaction
The standard enthalpy of combustion for 1-propanol is approximately -2026 kJ/mol, meaning that the heat released when 1 mol of 1-propanol is completely burned is 2026 kJ.
Q is equal to delta H in a chemical reaction when the reaction is at constant pressure and temperature.
In the equation (\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S), (\Delta H) represents the change in enthalpy, which reflects the total heat content of a system during a chemical reaction or phase change. It indicates whether the reaction is exothermic (releases heat, (\Delta H < 0)) or endothermic (absorbs heat, (\Delta H > 0)). This term is crucial for understanding the thermodynamic favorability of a process, along with the changes in entropy ((\Delta S)) and temperature (T).