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Ha! This is a subtle matter. Both magnify. A microscope magnifies something close to you, while a telescope magnifies something far away. But let's look deeper. Both telescope and microscope have an objective lens that projects an image called a real image. The eyepiece is used to further magnify a portion of the real image.

The objective lens of a microscope is designed to produce a real image of something that is close to the lens, and the real image will be larger than the object you are looking at. Suppose it makes an image 10x larger. Then the eyepiece adds magnification. An eyepiece that by itself can magnify something 15x, when used to look at the image from a 10x objective, produces a total magnification of 150x.

The objective lens of a telescope is designed to produce a real image of something that is at a much larger distance, and the real image will usually be smaller than the object (usually much, much smaller!). The longer the focal length of the objective, the larger the real image will be. Then it is the ratio between the focal length of the objective and the focal length of the eyepiece that determines the visual magnification. For example, may amateur telescopes use an objective lens or mirror (or some combination) that has a focal length of one meter, or 1000 mm (~40 inches). A common eyepiece focal length is 20 mm (~0.8 inch). 1000/20 = 50x. Large professional telescopes are typically never used for visual observing, but on rare occasions the 200 inch (5 m) Palomar telescope was used visually in the past. Its 55 foot focal length (16.75 m) when used with a 20 mm eyepiece would produce nearly 840x magnification.

Both telescopes and microscopes can be used for Photography by either putting the film or digital imaging sensor where the real image is in focus on it, or by using a special eyepiece to project an enlarged real image further back, where it might be more convenient to place the camera back with its lens removed.

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