simply put:
pig iron has around 3.5% to 4.5% carbon. whereas, steel has from 0.2% to 2% or 2.1% carbon.
steel prepared by the mixing of pig iron,scrap iron,heamatite in the presence of oxygen
Sponge iron is produced by reducing iron ore pellets in a direct-reduction process, whereas pig iron is produced by melting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel in a blast furnace. Sponge iron is mainly used as a raw material for steelmaking in electric arc furnaces, whereas pig iron is typically used in the production of cast iron and wrought iron products.
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There is only one universal raw material - iron. To become steel, the iron is alloyed with carbon and/or one or more of very many other metals such as chrome, vanadium, manganese, lead etc etc etc . (Lead is added to make free-cutting mild steels)
Iron ore is extracted via mining methods such as open-pit or underground mining. Once extracted, the ore is crushed and then separated from impurities using magnetic separation or flotation. The refined iron ore is then processed in blast furnaces to produce molten iron, which is further refined into steel.
The pig iron is converted into steel through a process called the basic oxygen steel making.
Steel investment foundries make use of pig iron
Pig iron is cast iron with a very high carbon content: 4% by weight or more. Cast iron has at least 2% carbon by weight. Less than that, and it's steel. Cast iron and pig iron are not called steel, despite being iron carbides, because they lack the structural strength of steel and are extremely brittle. In terms of the microstructure, cast iron and pig iron contain no cementite, austenite, or martensite. Historically, "pig iron" refers to cast iron made by a particular process: the high-carbon molten iron made in a blast furnace was poured into moulds made of sand, which had a particular shape. Narrow trenches would run down the edge of the mould, and then branching off of them there would be the actual ingots. The whole setup looked to the ironworkers like a sow suckling piglets, so the product became known as pig iron.
steel prepared by the mixing of pig iron,scrap iron,heamatite in the presence of oxygen
Pig iron is made in the steel manufacturing process by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace with coke and limestone. The coke acts as a fuel and reduces the iron ore to produce molten iron, while the limestone helps remove impurities. The resulting pig iron is then further processed to make steel.
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559225/iron_and_steel_manufacture.html Provides the answer. basic summary: 1. Pig Iron and Sponge Iron are the result of different production processes 2. Which results in different purities. Pig Iron has a lower purity than Sponge Iron.
cast iron, stainless steel, wrout iron, pig iron
pig iron, wrought iron and cast iron. These are broad classifications used commercially, they can be subclassified. Chemically we say that its pure or impure, contains sulphur/phosphorous/impurities(slag, etc.)/carbon in so and so % range
The difference is percentage of carbon, the main alloy element. Those irons containing less than 2% carbon are known as steels while those containing more than 2% carbon are known as pig iron. Pig iron is obtained from iron ore by processing it with coke in a blast furnace. This pig iron is then further processed to reduce the carbon content in different furnaces to obtain steels. These steels can be then further processed to obtain alloy steels, stainless steels by adding elements such as silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, etc.
Pig iron, steel
Pig iron is brittle and contains high carbon content, making it unsuitable for shaping. Wrought iron is malleable and has low carbon content, making it ideal for forging into shapes. Pig iron is mainly used in steel production, while wrought iron is used for decorative purposes and in construction.
The production of iron or steel is a process containing two main stages, unless the desired product is cast iron. The first stage is to produce pig iron in a blast furnace. Alternatively, it may be directly reduced. The second is to make wrought iron or steel from pig iron by a further process.