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Scum is created when calcium ions (and or magnesium ions) form an insoluble precipitate with soap. Soap consists of sodium salts of fatty acids.

e.g. sodium stearate (aq) + calcium ions (aq) = calcium stearate (s) + sodium ions (aq)

Scum is the calcium stearate.

Limescale is created when hard water i heated, or when it evaporates. It is formed because calcium hydrogen carbonate is unstable.

Ca(HCO3)2 (aq) + heat = Cac03 (s) +H20 (l) +CO2 (g)

calcium hydrogen carbonate + heat = calcium carbonate + water + carbon dioxide

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