Voltage should be more correctly called "potential difference". It is actually the electron moving force in electricity (emf) and the potential difference is responsible for the pushing and pulling of electrons or electric current through a circuit. To produce a drift of electrons, or electric current, along a wire it is necessary that there be a difference in "pressure" or potential between the two ends of the wire. This potential difference can be produced by connecting a source of electrical potential to the ends of the wire. As I will explain later, there is an excess of electrons at the negative terminal of a battery and a deficiency of electrons at the positive terminal, due to chemical action. Then it can be seen that a potential difference is the result of the difference in the number of electrons between the terminals. The force or pressure due to a potential difference is termed e.m.f. or voltage.
See: electron theory An emf also exists between two objects whenever there is a difference in the number of free electrons per unit volume of the object. If the two objects are both negative, current will flow from the more negatively charged to the less negatively charged when they are connected together. There will also be an electron flow from a less positively charged object to a more positively charged object. The electrostatic field, i.e. the strain of the electrons trying to reach a positive charge or from a more highly negative charge is emf or voltage. It is expressed in units called volts, short for voltage. A volt can be defined as the pressure required to force a current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm. To make this easier to visualise, consider the water pressure (voltage) required to pass a litre of water (current) through a copper pipe of a certain small diameter (resistance). Also try and visualise water going through other pipes of varying diameters (smaller to larger in size). Either the water pressure required would vary or the volume delivered would vary, or both. You have just grasped the basics of ohms law, where E = voltage; I = current in amperes and R = reistance in ohms: Some examples: Chemical (batteries) e.g. dry cell 1.5V, wet cell storage about 2.1V Electromagnetic (generators) Thermal (heating junctions of dis-similar metals) Piezoelectric (mechanical vibration of certain crystals) Photoelectric (light sensitive cells)
When we consider electron flow, we think of moving electrons. The electron has a negative charge. This model of current flow, the electron current flow model, follows the movement of those negative charges.As a contrast, we might consider what is called conventional current flow. And that the model of current involves the movement of charges with a positive polarity.
The theory that states electrons flow from negative to positive is known as conventional current flow. This theory was established before the discovery of the negatively charged electron and is still used for practical purposes in electrical engineering and circuit analysis.
Electron pairs
VSEPR theory stands for Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory. It is a model used to predict the geometry of molecules based on minimizing the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of an atom. By considering the repulsions between electron pairs, VSEPR theory helps determine the shape of molecules.
An ammeter is commonly used to detect electron flow in a circuit. The ammeter measures the amount of current (flow of electrons) passing through a specific point in the circuit.
When we consider electron flow, we think of moving electrons. The electron has a negative charge. This model of current flow, the electron current flow model, follows the movement of those negative charges.As a contrast, we might consider what is called conventional current flow. And that the model of current involves the movement of charges with a positive polarity.
The electron flow concept states that electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a voltage source, in contrast to the conventional current flow theory which assumes positive charge carriers moving from positive to negative.
Probably in reference to electron flow. Electricity knowledge is based upon a theory. It is suggested that electrons flow in a wire although we cannot see them FLOW. It is generally accepted that electrons flow from positive to negative, although experts in the field suggest they may flow in the opposite direction. There is a lot of controversy over this theory of electron flow.
The theory that states electrons flow from negative to positive is known as conventional current flow. This theory was established before the discovery of the negatively charged electron and is still used for practical purposes in electrical engineering and circuit analysis.
Conventional Electrical theory (simplified) states that electricity flows from positive to negative in contrast to Electron Theory which supposes negative to positive flow of electrons.
Electric current, in terms of the electron theory, is defined as the flow of electrons through a conductor due to the movement of negatively charged particles. It is the rate of flow of charge per unit time, typically measured in amperes. The flow of electrons creates a potential difference, causing them to move from a higher potential to a lower potential.
Because much of the theory of electricity was developed before scientists realised that it was not a moving positive charge that was responsible but a negative one (of the electron).
write note on free electron theory
The traditional flow theory assumes that current flows from positive to negative, following the direction of conventional current. In contrast, the electron flow theory states that electrons actually move from negative to positive, which is the direction real current flows in a circuit. Both theories describe the movement of charge in a circuit, but they differ in which terminal they consider as the starting point.
Electronic theory is the theory of the behavior of the electron under various conditions including a free electron, a bound electron in either an outer or inner orbit of the atom.
1.6x10^19 amperes is the amount of current that a flow of an electron will contain.
You can slow down electron flow by increasing resistance in the circuit, using resistors for example. By increasing the obstruction to electron flow, you reduce the rate at which electrons can move through the circuit. Additionally, lowering the voltage in the circuit will also slow down electron flow.