The use of oxygen.
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The main difference is that aerobic replenishment of energy occurs in the presence of oxygen, allowing for more efficient production of energy through processes like cellular respiration. In contrast, anaerobic replenishment of energy occurs in the absence of oxygen and is less efficient, relying on processes like glycolysis to produce energy quickly but with the byproduct of lactic acid buildup.
Aerobic bacteria uses oxygen for cellular respiration and anaerobic bacteria doesn't require oxygen to survive. ˇ_ˇ 
Anaerobic processes do not require oxygen to produce energy, while aerobic processes do require oxygen. Anaerobic metabolism usually produces lactic acid as a byproduct, while aerobic metabolism produces carbon dioxide and water.
The main difference is the use of oxygen. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to produce energy, while anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and produces energy by breaking down glucose without oxygen. Aerobic respiration is more efficient and produces more energy compared to anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic glycolysis requires oxygen to break down glucose into energy, producing a higher yield of ATP. Anaerobic glycolysis does not require oxygen and produces lactate as a byproduct, leading to a lower yield of ATP. Anaerobic glycolysis is used during intense or short-duration activities when oxygen supply is limited.
Spirochaetes can be both aerobic (requiring oxygen) and anaerobic (not requiring oxygen). Some species are able to switch between different metabolic pathways depending on the availability of oxygen in their environment.