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The process is called 'cracking' or more properly "Fluid Catalytic Cracking".

It takes place in a Catalytic Cracker (cat cracker) where a combination of high heat, pressure, and chemical catalysts break long chain hydrocarbons into more valuable shorter chain ones.

A catalyst is a compound that speeds up (or slows down) a reaction without being used in the reaction. So a catalyst can be used over and over again for the same process.

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