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What is the position of an individual amino acid in a protein is determined by pairing what?
The position of an individual amino acid in a protein is determined by pairing the codons in messenger RNA (mRNA) with the corresponding anticodons on transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation. Each codon, a sequence of three nucleotides in the mRNA, specifies a particular amino acid, guiding the assembly of the protein's primary structure. This process ensures that the correct amino acids are added in the proper sequence, ultimately defining the protein's structure and function.
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How does incorrect base pairing affect protein synthesis?
Incorrect base pairing in protein synthesis can lead to mutations in the resulting proteins. This can affect the structure and function of the protein, potentially leading to abnormal enzymatic activity or non-functional proteins. These errors can have downstream effects on cellular processes and contribute to diseases.
What is the first protein structure to be determined?
The first protein structure to be determined was myoglobin, in 1958. Myoglobin is a heme-containing protein found in muscle cells which stores oxygen. Its structure was determined by John Kendrew and colleagues using X-ray crystallography.
What is the shape of a protein determined by?
the type and sequence of its amino acids
How the tRNA docks on the mRNAexplain in terms of nitrogen bases?
The tRNA docks onto the mRNA through complementary base pairing between the anticodon on the tRNA molecule and the codon on the mRNA strand. This base pairing ensures that the correct amino acid is brought to the ribosome during protein synthesis. The interaction between the nitrogen bases is specific, with adenine (A) pairing with uracil (U) and cytosine (C) pairing with guanine (G).
What is Uracil and how does it relate to base pairing during protein synthesis?
Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, replacing thymine, which is present in DNA. During protein synthesis, specifically in the process of transcription, uracil pairs with adenine in the RNA strand, contributing to the formation of messenger RNA (mRNA) from the DNA template. This base pairing is crucial for accurately conveying genetic information from DNA to mRNA, which then guides protein synthesis during translation.
What are the wobble base pairing rules and how do they contribute to genetic stability and diversity?
The wobble base pairing rules refer to the relaxed base pairing at the third position of a codon in mRNA with the corresponding anticodon in tRNA during translation. This flexibility allows for some variation in the pairing, leading to genetic stability by reducing the likelihood of errors in protein synthesis. Additionally, the wobble base pairing rules contribute to genetic diversity by allowing for the incorporation of different amino acids at the same codon position, increasing the potential variety of proteins that can be produced.
How is protein utilization determined?
Protein Utilization can be determined by figuring out the dietary protein intake and then measuring nitrogen excretion.
What is the significance of codon-anticodon pairing in the process of protein synthesis?
Codon-anticodon pairing is crucial in protein synthesis because it ensures that the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain. The codon on the mRNA molecule must match with the complementary anticodon on the tRNA molecule to bring the right amino acid. This accurate pairing is essential for the proper sequence of amino acids in the protein, which ultimately determines its structure and function.
What is the correct pairing of DNA bases?
Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine. This pairing is known as complementary base pairing and is essential for DNA replication and protein synthesis.
How does incorrect base pairing affect protein synthesis?
Incorrect base pairing in protein synthesis can lead to mutations in the resulting proteins. This can affect the structure and function of the protein, potentially leading to abnormal enzymatic activity or non-functional proteins. These errors can have downstream effects on cellular processes and contribute to diseases.
What are the wobble rules for codon-anticodon pairing?
The wobble rules refer to the flexibility in base pairing between the third base of a codon and the first base of an anticodon during protein synthesis. This flexibility allows for non-standard base pairing, such as G-U pairing, which helps in reducing errors during translation.
How does RNA complementary base pairing contribute to the process of protein synthesis?
RNA complementary base pairing plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by allowing the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA and then to proteins. During protein synthesis, RNA molecules use complementary base pairing to match with specific sequences on the DNA template, forming a template for the assembly of amino acids into proteins. This process ensures that the correct amino acids are added in the correct order, ultimately determining the structure and function of the protein being synthesized.
What is the first protein structure to be determined?
The first protein structure to be determined was myoglobin, in 1958. Myoglobin is a heme-containing protein found in muscle cells which stores oxygen. Its structure was determined by John Kendrew and colleagues using X-ray crystallography.
What is translation when speaking of protein synthesis?
tRNA is changed into amino acids following nitrogen base pairing rules.
What determines the amino acid sequence in a protein?
The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA, and this is determined by the sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA.
What is the pairing mRNA and tRNA to make a protein that occurs in which organelles?
The process is translation which occurs in ribosomes which are often attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (in eukaryotes).
What is the tertiary structure of a protein is determined?
Hydrogen Bonds
