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There are two different types of transport in which materials enter and exit a cell.

Active Transport

  • Ion pumps - push molecules in and out of the cell against the concentration gradient
  • Endocytosis - the cell membrane forms an envelope around the material and the material enters the cell
  • Exocytosis - the opposite of endocytosis, where materials exit the cell. This most frequently occurs in secretory cells (e.g. to create saliva, sweat, proteins, chemicals)
  • Pinocytosis - is exocytosis, but where liquids are taken in to the cell

Passive Transport
  • Diffusion - gases diffuse across the membrane with the concentration gradient
  • Osmosis - diffusion of water across the membrane with the concentration gradient
  • Facilitated diffusion - diffusion, but the rate is increased
Passive transport requires no energy expenditure by the cell. Active transport does, and is why cells make energy.


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