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What is the risk associated with vaccines prepared from dead or weakened pathogenic microbes?
In the US there are two types of vaccines approved for the seasonal flu, a vaccine for injection into the muscle and a vaccine mist for spray into the nose. The side effects are different depending on which you use. The mist is only available to healthy people age 2 - 49. The shots are approved for use in anyone 6 months old and over unless there are Allergies that prevent their use. Infants under 6 months old can not be vaccinated until they are older.
The shots use a dead virus and the nasal mist is made with attenuated (weakened) viruses that can't make you sick if you have an otherwise normal immune system.
They are made exactly like they have been made for decades with an exceptionally good track record of low incidence of adverse effects or allergic reactions.
Life-threatening allergic reactions to vaccines are very rare. If they do occur, it is usually within a few minutes to a few hours after the vaccination. It is recommended that you report to the nurse before you receive the vaccination if you have any medication or food allergies (especially to eggs or chicken).
The most commonly reported side effects of thenasal mist include:
- Some children and adolescents 2-17 years of age have reported mild reactions, including: runny nose, nasal congestion or cough; fever; headache and muscle aches; wheezing; abdominal pain or occasional vomiting or diarrhea.
- Some adults 18-49 years of age have reported: runny nose or nasal congestion; sore throat; cough, chills, tiredness/weakness; headache.
The most frequently reported side effects of the flu shots are:
- Mild hypersensitivity reactions (such as rash).
- Local reactions at the injection site such as tenderness, redness, swelling, pain or soreness.
- The most common systemic adverse reactions were headache, malaise, and muscle aches. Fever is rare, but a very mild fever is possible the first day or two.
In 1976, an earlier type of inactivated Swine Flu vaccine was associated with cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). There has not been any link to GBS with the use of the nasal mists.
The shots are made an entirely different way now than they were made in the 1970's. The new way has been proven for over 30 years.
What else can I help you with?
Are the microbes that are injected in a vaccination dead or alive?
They can be either. Some vaccines are made with dead viruses or particles of viruses and other vaccines are made with attenuated (weakened) viruses that are not able to make an otherwise healthy person sick. In 2009 the swine flu vaccine approved for use in the US was prepared both ways, the nasal flu vaccine was made from attenuated viruses and the shots were made with dead viruses.
Are vaccines only used for viruses?
I'm not an expert, but from what I can gather, vaccinations are used for both virus' and pathogenic bacteria (harmful bacteria). Vaccines contain a section/segment of the virus or bacteria (for example a flagella) to infect the body. The body then produces memory cells so that the body has an immunity against the virus or bacteria (note that this immunity may not last a lifetime).
How can genomic sequencing help to develop vaccines?
Genomic sequencing can help identify specific genetic sequences in pathogens that can be targeted by vaccines. By understanding the genetic makeup of a pathogen, researchers can create more effective vaccines that produce a targeted immune response. Genomic sequencing also helps in monitoring the evolution of pathogens, allowing for the development of updated vaccines to combat new strains.
What is the role that microorganisms play in vaccine production?
Microorganisms are used in vaccine production to grow the viruses or bacteria that will be used as the basis for the vaccine. They are also used in the process of creating antigens or proteins that mimic the pathogens in order to stimulate an immune response. Additionally, microorganisms are sometimes used to test the safety and efficacy of vaccines during the production process.
How body respond when dead or weakend microbes are introduced in a healthy body?
When dead or weakened microbes are introduced into a healthy body, the immune system recognizes them as foreign invaders. This triggers an immune response, leading to the activation of various immune cells and the production of antibodies. This process helps the body to "learn" how to respond to similar live pathogens in the future, effectively preparing the immune system for potential infections. This principle is the basis for many vaccines, which use killed or attenuated microbes to build immunity.
What does vaccine and pathogenic have in common?
Vaccines are for preventing infections. Infections are pathogenic (caused by germs). Vaccines help your body prepare to fight specific pathogens, e.g., bacteria and viruses.
What are Two groups of microbes?
vaccines and antibiotics
What is the classification of vaccines that include tetanus and diphtheria?
pathogenic toxins
Definition of the conventional vaccines?
Conventional vaccines consist of whole pathogenic organisms, which may either be killed or live vaccines; the virulence of pathogens is greatly reduced in attenuated vaccines. This is classified into 2 categories :a)Live or attenuated vaccines; (eg : BCG vaccine)b)Inactivated vaccines (eg : Salk polio & Pertussisvaccines)
Are Influenza vaccines prepared from blood products?
No, they are made from the virus
Are the microbes that are injected in a vaccination dead or alive?
They can be either. Some vaccines are made with dead viruses or particles of viruses and other vaccines are made with attenuated (weakened) viruses that are not able to make an otherwise healthy person sick. In 2009 the swine flu vaccine approved for use in the US was prepared both ways, the nasal flu vaccine was made from attenuated viruses and the shots were made with dead viruses.
Name two groups of medicine used by doctors to fight microbes?
Antibiotics and antivirals are two groups of medicines used by doctors to fight microbes. Antibiotics target bacteria, while antivirals target viruses. Both are vital in treating infectious diseases caused by these different types of microbes.
What are the vaccination types?
Killed vaccines: These are preparations of the normal (wild type) infectious, pathogenic virus that has been rendered non-pathogenic, usually by chemical treatment such as with formalin that cross-links viral proteins.Attenuated vaccines: These are live virus particles that grow in the vaccine recipient but do not cause disease because the vaccine virus has been altered (mutated) to a non-pathogenic form; for example, its tropism has been altered so that it no longer grows at a site that can cause disease.Sub-unit vaccines: These are purified components of the virus, such as a surface antigen.DNA vaccines: These are usually harmless viruses into which a gene for a (supposedly) protective antigen has been spliced. The protective antigen is then made in the vaccine recipient to elicit an immune response
What is the importance of immunisation and the vaccines given?
To get your immune system prepared if the same pathogens attack your body again.
Why would a particular microbe need to be cultured inside an animal?
Some microbes require specific conditions found only inside an animal host to grow, replicate, and cause disease. Culturing these microbes inside an animal allows researchers to study their pathogenic mechanisms, host interactions, and develop vaccines or treatments. Additionally, in vivo models provide a more accurate representation of the natural infection process compared to in vitro cultures.
What is attenuated flu vaccine?
Attenuated simply means "weakened". An attenuated flu vaccine refers to vaccines made with live viruses (so you get a good immune response), but they have been weakened chemically so that they are unable to give you the flu. There are two types of flu vaccines available in the US. What is called inactivated, inactive or "dead" vaccine and what is called "live", weakened/attenuated vaccine. The injectable vaccines (intradermal and intramuscular) are made with "dead" viruses and the nasal spray is made with "live" attenuated viruses.
Are vaccines only used for viruses?
I'm not an expert, but from what I can gather, vaccinations are used for both virus' and pathogenic bacteria (harmful bacteria). Vaccines contain a section/segment of the virus or bacteria (for example a flagella) to infect the body. The body then produces memory cells so that the body has an immunity against the virus or bacteria (note that this immunity may not last a lifetime).
