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The cortical reaction is a crucial process in fertilization, occurring shortly after a sperm penetrates the egg. It involves the release of enzymes from cortical granules in the egg's cytoplasm, leading to changes in the egg's membrane that prevent polyspermy, ensuring that only one sperm fertilizes the egg. This reaction also helps to initiate early developmental processes, contributing to the formation of the fertilization membrane. Overall, the cortical reaction is vital for successful reproduction and the proper development of the embryo.

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