According to "ASME Y14.36M-1996 Surface Texture Symbols" (only since I don't have a copy of the better reference, "ASME B46.1-2009 Surface Texture" handy), surface roughness (commonly called "surface finish" or "surface texture") is specified and measured either in micrometers (or microns) or microinches depending on the primary dimensional units of the drawing (which are typically specified in millimeters or inches). You may also see surface finish listed as "Ra" for average roughness.
A micrometer (or micron) is one millionth (1/1,000,000) of a meter, and a microinch is one millionth of an inch. A value of 3.2 micrometers is considered equivalent to 125 microinches. More precisely, 1 microinch equals 0.0254 micrometers, or 1 micrometer equals 10.07874 microinches.
Some examples, of typical roughness (or surface finish) values in microinches, with micrometer equivalents in brackets [], are 125 [3.2] (typical for milled or drilled surfaces), 63 [1.6] (typical for turned or reamed surfaces), 32 [0.80] (typical for ground surfaces), 16 [0.40] (typical for honed surfaces), or 8 [0.20] (typical for polished surfaces).
All common average roughness (Ra) specifications, from roughest to smoothest, are listed below.
2000 [50]
1000 [25]
500 [12.5]
250 [6.3]
125 [3.2]
63 [1.6]
32 [0.80]
16 [0.40]
8 [0.20]
4 [0.10]
2 [0.05]
1 [0.025]
.5 [0.012]
Micrometer is commonly used as a unit of surface roughness because it is a small unit of measurement that is well-suited for describing fine variations in surface texture. The micrometer provides a precise measurement that is useful in industries such as manufacturing and engineering where surface roughness is important for quality control and product performance.
A D2 finish for stainless steel refers to a specific type of surface finish characterized by a dull, matte appearance. It is often achieved through processes like grinding or brushing, which create a uniform texture. This finish is commonly used in applications where a non-reflective surface is desired, such as in architectural elements or industrial settings, as it helps to hide fingerprints and smudges.
Mft typically stands for "metric tonne force." It is a unit of force equal to the weight of one metric tonne (1000 kilograms) on Earth's surface. This unit is commonly used in engineering and physics to measure forces.
Epoxy resin is commonly used for doming to create a clear, bubble-like effect on surfaces like stickers, labels, or prints. The resin is poured onto the surface, then self-levels and cures to create a smooth and glossy finish.
Gram is the basic unit of mass in the metric system. It is commonly used to measure the weight of objects and substances.
Micrometer is commonly used as a unit of surface roughness because it is a small unit of measurement that is well-suited for describing fine variations in surface texture. The micrometer provides a precise measurement that is useful in industries such as manufacturing and engineering where surface roughness is important for quality control and product performance.
A plane tool is used for removing the rough or excess surface from a board. This tool shaves off thin layers of wood to smoothen the surface. It is commonly used in woodworking to achieve a flat and even finish.
A D2 finish for stainless steel refers to a specific type of surface finish characterized by a dull, matte appearance. It is often achieved through processes like grinding or brushing, which create a uniform texture. This finish is commonly used in applications where a non-reflective surface is desired, such as in architectural elements or industrial settings, as it helps to hide fingerprints and smudges.
A trowel finish involves using a trowel to smooth and level the surface of the concrete, creating a glossy and polished look. A float finish, on the other hand, uses a float tool to create a slightly rougher texture on the surface of the concrete. Trowel finishes are typically used for indoor surfaces, while float finishes are more commonly used for outdoor surfaces.
Mft typically stands for "metric tonne force." It is a unit of force equal to the weight of one metric tonne (1000 kilograms) on Earth's surface. This unit is commonly used in engineering and physics to measure forces.
A hard trowel finish is a smooth and durable surface achieved by finishing concrete with a trowel after it has been poured and set. This technique involves using a steel trowel to compress and polish the surface, eliminating imperfections and creating a dense, hard finish. It's commonly used in areas where a smooth, high-strength surface is desired, such as floors and patios. The result is a sleek, aesthetically pleasing finish that also enhances the concrete's resistance to wear and weathering.
A bevel finish typically provides a smooth and rounded edge to a surface, rather than a dull and rough effect. This type of finish is commonly used to soften the sharpness of edges and create a visually appealing look with a slight angle.
A surface grinding machine is a tool used in manufacturing to produce a smooth finish on flat surfaces. It operates by using a rotating abrasive wheel to remove material from the workpiece, ensuring precise dimensions and a high-quality surface finish. These machines are commonly used in metalworking and can handle various materials, including steel and aluminum. Surface grinders come in different sizes and configurations, including manual, automatic, and CNC models.
The Tugrug is the most commonly used in Mongolia. Or it is the basic unit of money.
Renminbi The basic unit is the yuan, commonly called kwai.
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Math and arithmetic