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According to "ASME Y14.36M-1996 Surface Texture Symbols" (only since I don't have a copy of the better reference, "ASME B46.1-2009 Surface Texture" handy), surface roughness (commonly called "surface finish" or "surface texture") is specified and measured either in micrometers (or microns) or microinches depending on the primary dimensional units of the drawing (which are typically specified in millimeters or inches). You may also see surface finish listed as "Ra" for average roughness.

A micrometer (or micron) is one millionth (1/1,000,000) of a meter, and a microinch is one millionth of an inch. A value of 3.2 micrometers is considered equivalent to 125 microinches. More precisely, 1 microinch equals 0.0254 micrometers, or 1 micrometer equals 10.07874 microinches.

Some examples, of typical roughness (or surface finish) values in microinches, with micrometer equivalents in brackets [], are 125 [3.2] (typical for milled or drilled surfaces), 63 [1.6] (typical for turned or reamed surfaces), 32 [0.80] (typical for ground surfaces), 16 [0.40] (typical for honed surfaces), or 8 [0.20] (typical for polished surfaces).

All common average roughness (Ra) specifications, from roughest to smoothest, are listed below.

2000 [50]

1000 [25]

500 [12.5]

250 [6.3]

125 [3.2]

63 [1.6]

32 [0.80]

16 [0.40]

8 [0.20]

4 [0.10]

2 [0.05]

1 [0.025]

.5 [0.012]

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