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At a phase boundary, a substance exists in a state where two different phases coexist in equilibrium, such as solid-liquid, liquid-gas, or solid-gas. This means that the properties of the substance can be influenced by conditions like temperature and pressure, leading to changes in phase. At this boundary, the chemical potential of the phases is equal, allowing for transitions between them without an overall change in the system's energy. Additionally, the entropy may vary, reflecting the distinct structural arrangements of the phases involved.

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