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All elements are surrounded by electrons. The electrons fit into orbits. The first orbit holds two electrons. All the rest hold more. Each orbit is one level in the chart. When an orbit is full, then the chart starts again at the next level. As a result the first element in each level has one electron in its outer orbit. The chart gives an understanding of the properties of the elements above and below a particular element as well as alongside a particular element. Platinum worked in a catalytic converter. It was expensive. Someone tried other elements in the Platinum group. They also worked and cost less.

If you are referring to their arrangement on the Periodic Table, then the is atomic number. The atomic number is the same as the number of protons, so the elements are arranged by increasing number of protons.

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