930 kg/m^3
The recommended viscosity for Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) 380 CST is typically around 380 centistokes (cSt) at 50°C. This viscosity is important for proper fuel combustion and performance in marine diesel engines. It is crucial to maintain the recommended viscosity range to ensure efficient and reliable engine operation.
It is in use now in both Europe and America.
The viscosity is similar to the viscosity of water.
HFO, or Heavy Fuel Oil, is a type of fuel used predominantly in marine engines. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, sulfur, nitrogen, and other elements. The precise chemical composition can vary depending on the source and grade of the fuel.
Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow. It is a measure of the internal friction within a fluid as it moves. Liquids with high viscosity flow more slowly than those with low viscosity.
HFO = Heavy Fuel Oil 380 CST = the grade of fuel oil representing viscosity, quality, etc.
The recommended viscosity for Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) 380 CST is typically around 380 centistokes (cSt) at 50°C. This viscosity is important for proper fuel combustion and performance in marine diesel engines. It is crucial to maintain the recommended viscosity range to ensure efficient and reliable engine operation.
MDO and HFO prices for ships
2.022 Pa*s @ 25⁰C http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity#Viscosity_of_various_materials
In addition to finding the "sweet spot" as the other poster indicated which is the RPM and load that the engine uses the least amount of fuel per KWm HFO reduction can also been realized by using new technology, E-Fuel. E-Fuel, reduces emissions as traditional emulsions but in the case of HFO can increase the fuel efficiency using HFO up to 38% in a rotating engines. There are two reasons that the 38% effective can be reached, the heavies don't have to be removed from HFO to prevent damage to the engine and the fuel is 43% more efferent in converting the HFO into mechanical energy.
Hypofluorous acid
66 degree Centigrade
In the new HFO he does.
To recover and recharge refrigerant from an HFO-1234yf system, a shop will need a dedicated refrigerant recovery machine specifically designed for HFO-1234yf, as well as appropriate recovery cylinders that are compatible with this refrigerant. Additionally, technicians should use hoses and fittings rated for HFO-1234yf to ensure safety and prevent contamination. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is also recommended to protect against potential exposure during the recovery process.
It is in use now in both Europe and America.
Most systems using R-134a as a refrigerant.
In HFO-1234yf-based air conditioning systems, key components that must be approved or certified include the compressor, evaporator, condenser, and expansion device. These components must be compatible with the chemical properties of HFO-1234yf, particularly its low flammability and pressure characteristics. Additionally, refrigerant hoses and seals must also be specifically rated for use with HFO-1234yf to ensure safe and efficient operation. Compliance with relevant safety and environmental standards is crucial for all components.