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What is natural selection and what level of organization does it act on?
Natural selection is a process where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to the next generation. It acts on the level of individual organisms within a population.
Why does free competition and natural selection seem wrong in our present social system?
By the way, this article is not talking about animal breeding issues or human breeding issues, which is not my concern, not this moment. It is about how nature uses its laws to decide intelligent living thing's existence and how human can adapt. It is not the natural law --- "free competition natural selection" is wrong but the specific meaning of it at the present social system development level is not applicable to the changed system, though its general meaning still apply. The usual meaning we use is the specific meaning of it --- competition in a process. That determines who win and who lose in a process. But the general meaning of "free competition, natural selection" includes system selection that determine processes connections and final survival. Natural selection has different forms and different selection levels, higher level selection always are more important and more decisive than the lower level ones. The natural selection we usually talk about is the process selection. It is a lower level selection on strategic and tactic level. This is the specific meaning of natural selection; it is widely used in game theory, social biological and social behavioural studies. But the general meaning of natural selection include all forms and all levels of selection including system selection which is a higher level selection which can override process selection and be the decisive selection that decides final survival. Use value has power and it only can be converted from real value --- natural value which is natural resources. Under natural process over use resources make more power and power is the hard force that always prevails. Competition pressure and natural process will always tend to cause more over use of resources but at this moment of social development, natural mechanisms on this process level cannot function to check human activities and resources are facing exhaustion and environment loading capacity are facing limit. So the natural development of this process is human life chain cut early --- extinction (natural mechanisms only on this process level can check human destruction). This is an example of winning a competition in a process does not mean "win" in a general meaning --- they extinct. The only way to achieve the general meaning of "win" is use rationality to overcome the process disadvantage of instability to win natural selection in system level --- recognise and obey natural law to use rational thinking directed rational efforts to establish rational social system and carry out rational process in it to connect human with higher level of evolution process and continue to survive. Here, the fittest is the rational beings and nature does select them. When social system evolved to high level and the structure and function become highly manmade, we have to overcome process selection pressure to win natural selection on system selection level to connect our present evolution process to a higher level of evolution process and continue to survive into far future. So, though the specific meaning of free competition and natural selection is conditional in our present social system but the general meaning of it is absolute --- it is an absolute law of the nature and can be applied universally and unconditionally. For instances: though the natural tendency driven natural process (such as self-interested opportunists'' short-sighted behaviour) will always have the advantage of natural process favoured thermodynamic stability and behavioural strategy stability, but when social system naturally developed into a critical point that the system no longer can continue under natural process, those process favoured self-interested opportunists if still stick to their old way of unlimited exploiting the nature, they will be selected out by natural selection that select out the old natural social system with its natural process. Nature selects the rational social system on system selection level that overrides process selection. That is why the endless and unlimited exploitation of natural resources will only win those smart self-interested opportunists a short while of easy life by whether choose cooperative strong development or competitive strong growth, they will all be gone with that social system --- they bring that system down along with themselves and the process that favour their behaviour. As a human being, it is actually themselves that selected themselves out of existence but not really nature's doing. A rationalist doesn't mean selfless, he just smarter --- he can rationalise his short term interest so that to get the ultimate interest --- perpetual existence.
What Level of organization is a nematode?
A nematode is an organism at the multicellular level of organization. It is made up of many cells organized into tissues and organs to perform specific functions.
What is the 4th level of the organization of life?
The fourth level of cell organization is an organ system. The levels of organization are: Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system.
What is organ level?
Levels of organization are the way Biology is layered in a hierarchy. For example, organs make up one level, as the fourth level of organization.
What is natural selection and what level of organization does it act on?
Natural selection is a process where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to the next generation. It acts on the level of individual organisms within a population.
What is the application of natural selection theory to human society?
Sociobiology is the application of natural selection to human society Humans are the product of natural selection at the individual level and the product of evolution at the population level, so the human generated society is influenced by the natural selection of individual humans.
Does the process of natural selection occurs at the species level?
no, at the individual level
What level does natural selection occur at?
natural selection occurs when animals need it
Importance of selection process in HRM?
it increases the level of productivity in an organization for the best applicant are chosen for the suitable job.
Is artificial selection and natural selection the same at the molecular level?
Technically, yes, but only because they are using virtually the same processes, the only real difference between the two, is like the difference between choosing your own mate and having someone choose your mate for you.
Does the idea of punctuated equilibrium mean that the theory of natural selection is incorrect?
No. One still selects individuals while populations evolve. Punctuate equilibrium is a theory at the taxa level and does not have anything to do with mutation, variation and selection at the individual level.
What does the unit of evolution depend on?
The unit of evolution depends on the level at which genetic variation is passed on to the next generation. This can occur at the level of individuals, populations, or species. The unit of selection is the entity on which natural selection acts to drive evolutionary change.
How much natural selection leads to evolution?
All natural selection results in evolution. But natural selection is not necessarily the only mechanism leading to evolution. There are processes at work on a molecular level, such as intragenomic conflict-type processes, that also result in differential reproductive success, but aren't exactly related to the kind of processes Darwin first described.
Why does free competition and natural selection seem wrong in our present social system?
By the way, this article is not talking about animal breeding issues or human breeding issues, which is not my concern, not this moment. It is about how nature uses its laws to decide intelligent living thing's existence and how human can adapt. It is not the natural law --- "free competition natural selection" is wrong but the specific meaning of it at the present social system development level is not applicable to the changed system, though its general meaning still apply. The usual meaning we use is the specific meaning of it --- competition in a process. That determines who win and who lose in a process. But the general meaning of "free competition, natural selection" includes system selection that determine processes connections and final survival. Natural selection has different forms and different selection levels, higher level selection always are more important and more decisive than the lower level ones. The natural selection we usually talk about is the process selection. It is a lower level selection on strategic and tactic level. This is the specific meaning of natural selection; it is widely used in game theory, social biological and social behavioural studies. But the general meaning of natural selection include all forms and all levels of selection including system selection which is a higher level selection which can override process selection and be the decisive selection that decides final survival. Use value has power and it only can be converted from real value --- natural value which is natural resources. Under natural process over use resources make more power and power is the hard force that always prevails. Competition pressure and natural process will always tend to cause more over use of resources but at this moment of social development, natural mechanisms on this process level cannot function to check human activities and resources are facing exhaustion and environment loading capacity are facing limit. So the natural development of this process is human life chain cut early --- extinction (natural mechanisms only on this process level can check human destruction). This is an example of winning a competition in a process does not mean "win" in a general meaning --- they extinct. The only way to achieve the general meaning of "win" is use rationality to overcome the process disadvantage of instability to win natural selection in system level --- recognise and obey natural law to use rational thinking directed rational efforts to establish rational social system and carry out rational process in it to connect human with higher level of evolution process and continue to survive. Here, the fittest is the rational beings and nature does select them. When social system evolved to high level and the structure and function become highly manmade, we have to overcome process selection pressure to win natural selection on system selection level to connect our present evolution process to a higher level of evolution process and continue to survive into far future. So, though the specific meaning of free competition and natural selection is conditional in our present social system but the general meaning of it is absolute --- it is an absolute law of the nature and can be applied universally and unconditionally. For instances: though the natural tendency driven natural process (such as self-interested opportunists'' short-sighted behaviour) will always have the advantage of natural process favoured thermodynamic stability and behavioural strategy stability, but when social system naturally developed into a critical point that the system no longer can continue under natural process, those process favoured self-interested opportunists if still stick to their old way of unlimited exploiting the nature, they will be selected out by natural selection that select out the old natural social system with its natural process. Nature selects the rational social system on system selection level that overrides process selection. That is why the endless and unlimited exploitation of natural resources will only win those smart self-interested opportunists a short while of easy life by whether choose cooperative strong development or competitive strong growth, they will all be gone with that social system --- they bring that system down along with themselves and the process that favour their behaviour. As a human being, it is actually themselves that selected themselves out of existence but not really nature's doing. A rationalist doesn't mean selfless, he just smarter --- he can rationalise his short term interest so that to get the ultimate interest --- perpetual existence.
Can natural selection occur in an individual organism?
No, natural selection operates at the population level by favoring certain traits that are passed on through generations. It involves differential reproductive success among individuals with certain traits in response to environmental pressures.
What is the fungi's level of organization?
Fungi's level of organization is tissue!
