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The net force within the extended three-dimensional crystal structure of sodium chloride (NaCl) arises from the electrostatic attraction between positively charged sodium ions (Na⁺) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl⁻). This attraction creates a stable lattice structure, where each ion is surrounded by ions of opposite charge, resulting in a balanced arrangement. The forces between these ions are equal and opposite, leading to a net force of zero within the bulk of the crystal, maintaining its stability and integrity. However, at the surface of the crystal, there can be additional forces due to unbalanced interactions.

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2d ago

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