U-236 is formed under neutron irradiation of U-235 to some extent, but the main effect on U-235 is to cause it to fission into two fragments of non equal weight, releasing thermal energy and more neutrons. The U-236 produced does not fission so your question does not represent what actually happens. In fact the U-236 mostly just accumulates in the used fuel, a small part of it is turned into U-237 which decays to Np (Neptunium). You can see the yield of fission products from U-235 fission in a curve which has two peaks of atomic weight (see Wikipedia articles), it generally does not split equally. If it did, and the resultant element had 46 protons (because U has 92) this would be Palladium.
Proton and neutron have similar mass, but not identical.
The neutron has a mass very close to the mass of proton (but not identical).
Conservation of momentum means that the speed of the nucleus (the combined nucleus, after absorbing the neutron), must change, yes.
Nuclear event in a chain reaction could be said to be similar, but not identical. We need to look a bit more closely at a fission event to understand why. In a fission event in a chain reaction, a neutron is absorbed by a fissile nucleus, and the resulting instability causes that nucleus to fission, or split. When the nucleus splits, it splits into two approximately parts (called fission fragments), but not the same two parts will appear in every fission event. And one, two or three neutrons might appear, depending on exactly which two fission fragments appear. The total energies in the events will vary from event to event as well, and this has something to do with the energy the absorbed neutron brings when it is absorbed. We know fission events are similar, but there are variations that preclude them being identical.
When uranium-235 is bombarded with a neutron, it may undergo a fission reaction, resulting in the formation of multiple fission products, which may include different numbers of neutrons depending on the specific reaction that takes place. Typically, fission of uranium-235 produces around 2 to 3 neutrons per fission event.
A glass with the composition CdO-SiO2-B2O3 forms a neutron absorbing glass which is quite stable against moisture attack and divitrification and are good slow neutron absorbers
Absorbing a neutron and emitting a gamma photon Th-232 become U-233.
No, They are nearly exactly identical in size.
An alpha particle.
Proton and neutron have similar mass, but not identical.
Yes, plutonium can be a nuclear fuel. It is formed in a reactor by U-238 (most of the fuel in fact) absorbing a neutron and becoming Pu-239. This is also fissile, so it compensates to some extent for the depletion of the U-235 as the reactor operates.
The neutron has a mass very close to the mass of proton (but not identical).
I'm not sure if there is one word to describe different processes. Thus there can be radioactive decay into a different isotope (alpha or beta decay), gamma ray emission which means a change in energy state of the nucleus, nuclear fission as in U-235 in a reactor, and neutron induced change such as U-238 absorbing a neutron becoming Pu-239.
Tiny, Identical, Spaces, Motion and Attraction.
neutrons and protonsbut NOT electrons (the almost have no mass)
You can't just destroy it - it would take a huge amount of energy to tear it apart. About the only way I can think of to "destroy" it - in away - is that it collides with a black hole, and the mass of the neutron star becoming part of the black hole - or the neutron star itself becoming a black hole, if its mass increases (due to additional mass falling into the neutron star).
Conservation of momentum means that the speed of the nucleus (the combined nucleus, after absorbing the neutron), must change, yes.