The synapse. See my answer for What_type_of_signal_is_taking_place_during_neuron_to_neuron_communication
axon
The Inter-neuron (also known as the local circuit neuron, relay neuron or the association neuron) is the neuron which connects the afferent and the efferent neurons in the neural pathways.
The axon terminals of a neuron are responsible for relaying signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector, such as a muscle or gland. When an action potential travels down the axon, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters at the axon terminals, which then stimulate the next neuron or target cell.
Signalling ALONG a neuron is electrical, but signalling BETWEEN neurons is a chemical process. Neuron A 'passes' a message onto the next by releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters , which are then taken up by neuron B. The point at which these neurotransmitters are released from the neuron A is called the 'terminal bouton' and is the end of its axon. More specifically, it is the presynaptic membrane OF the terminal bouton at which the passing on of a message occurs.
A two-neuron reflex typically involves a sensory neuron carrying information from a sensory receptor to the spinal cord, where it synapses with an interneuron. The interneuron then synapses with a motor neuron that carries the response signal to an effector organ, such as a muscle or gland. In this pathway, a third neuron would not typically be involved in a two-neuron reflex.
The axon is the part of the neuron that can carry information for long distances.
neuron
It depends on what you mean by 'main'. The AXON is the part which CONVEYS the neural impulse, which could be thought of as the main FUNCTION of the neuron. But the DENDRITES are the parts which assess whether the neuron has been stimulated enough to fire the axon, which is another fundamental function of some neurons. And the BODY (soma) of the neuron is very much a 'main' part of the neuron, because without it the neuron would die.
Neural activitity makes your brain work, and allows sensations, thoughts, and decisions. The neuron "fires" an electrical signal, due to chemical stimulation from other neurons, which releases chemicals (neurotransmitters) to repeat the process for other neurons. It is part of a chain reaction within a neural network.
axon
The Inter-neuron (also known as the local circuit neuron, relay neuron or the association neuron) is the neuron which connects the afferent and the efferent neurons in the neural pathways.
The axon terminals of a neuron are responsible for relaying signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector, such as a muscle or gland. When an action potential travels down the axon, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters at the axon terminals, which then stimulate the next neuron or target cell.
soma
Dendrites!
The main part of the neuron, containing the nucleus and other organelles and serving as the site of the cell's metabolic reactions; processes input from the dendrites and if input is large enough relays to the axon, where an impulse is initiated.
Signalling ALONG a neuron is electrical, but signalling BETWEEN neurons is a chemical process. Neuron A 'passes' a message onto the next by releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters , which are then taken up by neuron B. The point at which these neurotransmitters are released from the neuron A is called the 'terminal bouton' and is the end of its axon. More specifically, it is the presynaptic membrane OF the terminal bouton at which the passing on of a message occurs.
dendrites. Dendrites are specialized structures on a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body. They play a crucial role in integrating information from multiple sources to determine the neuron's response.