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What phrase is used to describe the chromatids after crossing over takes place and the homologous chromosomes separate?
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What phrase is used to describe the chromatids after the crossing over takes place and the homologous chromosomes separate?
Gghjh
Describe and distinguish between replicated chromosomes and homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes usually occur in pairs in body cells. One chromosome in the pair comes from one parent and the other chromosome comes from the other parent. The two chromosomes are the same size and shape and carry the same genes in the same positions. They are called homologous chromosomes. When cells divide the chromosomes first have to copy themselves (ie replicate). Each homologous chromosome makes a replica of itself, and the original and replica are attached to each other at a region called the centromere.
2. Describe at least two differences between Meiosis I and Meiosis II in terms of what is produced and what occurs with the chromosomes?
Meiosis I is a reductional division where homologous chromosomes are separated, resulting in two haploid cells, each containing one chromosome from each pair. In contrast, Meiosis II is an equational division that separates sister chromatids, producing four haploid gametes. Additionally, Meiosis I involves genetic recombination through crossing over, which does not occur in Meiosis II.
Why Mendelian laws are not applicable in crossing over?
Mendelian laws describe the inheritance of traits that are located on different chromosomes and segregate independently. Crossing over involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, resulting in the recombination of linked traits. This process leads to offspring genotypes that do not strictly follow Mendelian ratios because of the new gene combinations generated by crossing over.
How are nondisjunction and polyploidy related?
The difference between polyploidy and nondisjunction is that being polyploidy is a result of nondisjuction. When the metaphase II doesn't occur properly the homologous pairs will stay together. Leaving one cell with out that chromosome and with with an extra. Polyploidy has one too many chromosomes.
What phrase is used to describe the chromatids after the crossing over takes place and the homologous chromosomes separate?
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Describe crossing over and independent assortment.?
- Crossing over is the event in which non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes swap or exchange DNA segments. This produces new gene combinations and only occurs in prophase 1 when tetrads form. independent assortment is the random orentation of pairs of homologous chromosomes at metaphase 1
What is another word for matching chromosomes?
Homologous is the word used to describe matching chromosomes, with a homolog being a pair of homologous chromosomes.
Describe three events that occur during meiosis 1 but not during mitosis?
1.Synapsis and crossing over in prophase I: Homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange genetic information 2.At the metaphase plate, there are paired homologous chromosomes (tetrads), instead of individual replicated chromosomes 3.At anaphase I, it is homologous chromosomes, instead of sister chromatids, that separate
Describe and distinguish between replicated chromosomes and homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes usually occur in pairs in body cells. One chromosome in the pair comes from one parent and the other chromosome comes from the other parent. The two chromosomes are the same size and shape and carry the same genes in the same positions. They are called homologous chromosomes. When cells divide the chromosomes first have to copy themselves (ie replicate). Each homologous chromosome makes a replica of itself, and the original and replica are attached to each other at a region called the centromere.
List the phases of meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 and describe the events characteristic of each phase?
Interphase phase is the phase before meiosis begins, genetic material is duplicated. The first division of meiosis is prophase 1 which is duplicated chromatin condenses. Each chromosome consists of two, closely associated sister chromatids. Crossing over can occur during the latter part of this stage. Metaphase 1 is homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial plate. Anaphase 1 homologous pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together. Telophase 1 two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the homologous pair.
2. Describe at least two differences between Meiosis I and Meiosis II in terms of what is produced and what occurs with the chromosomes?
Meiosis I is a reductional division where homologous chromosomes are separated, resulting in two haploid cells, each containing one chromosome from each pair. In contrast, Meiosis II is an equational division that separates sister chromatids, producing four haploid gametes. Additionally, Meiosis I involves genetic recombination through crossing over, which does not occur in Meiosis II.
Why Mendelian laws are not applicable in crossing over?
Mendelian laws describe the inheritance of traits that are located on different chromosomes and segregate independently. Crossing over involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, resulting in the recombination of linked traits. This process leads to offspring genotypes that do not strictly follow Mendelian ratios because of the new gene combinations generated by crossing over.
How do you describe how DNA copies itself?
DNA replication occurrs through a process called mitosis. The stages of mitosis are (I)PMAT.InterphaseIn the G1 phase, protein synthesis occurrs and mRNA runs along the chromosomes. In the S phase, DNA polymerase runs along the chromosomes/chromatids and creates complementary strands of DNA. In the G2 phase, the 23 chromosomes all have sister chromatids.2. Prophase- Chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear membrane disintegrates. (23 chromosomes/46 chromatids)3. Metaphase- the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers from the centrioles connect to the chromosomes at the kinetochores. (23 chromosomes/46 chromatids)4. Anaphase- Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers to each pole of the cell. (23 chromosomes/46 chromatids)5. Telophase- nuclear envolopes form around the chromatids at each pole, the spindle fibers reduce, the chromatids decondense. (46 chromosomes/ 46 chromatids)Then cytokinesis occurrs to split up the cell into two cells.
Describe the basic steps of meiosis?
the basic steps of meiosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokenisis
Name and briefly describe the stages of the two meiotic divisions of meiosis?
The two meiotic divisions are called meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material in a process called crossing-over before separating, resulting in two daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. In meiosis II, sister chromatids separate, resulting in four daughter cells, each with a unique combination of genes.
Describe the behavior of the chromosomes in the second division of meiosis?
Meosis 1(1st stage) 2 daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the homologous pairs thus containing haploid no. of chromosomes each. Meiosis II(2nd stage) is similar to mitosis. DNA does not replicate Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate. Centromeres divide and sister chromatids migrate separately to each pole. Four haploid daughter cells are obtained.
