Sagittal with a Medial Lateral axis
Horizontal flexion is a movement where the arms move towards the front of the body in a horizontal plane. This movement occurs at the shoulder joint and involves muscles like the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and coracobrachialis. It is commonly seen in activities like hugging someone or performing a chest fly exercise.
The normal range of motion for knee flexion is typically around 135-145 degrees.
The glenohumeral joint moves in multiple planes of motion, including flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation. This allows for a wide range of movement in the shoulder joint.
The hinge joint has the smallest range of motion compared to other types of joints, such as ball-and-socket or pivot joints. Hinge joints, like the elbow and knee, primarily allow movement in one plane, limiting their range of motion to flexion and extension.
The elbow can rotate on one plane, allowing flexion and extension movements. The knee can also rotate on one plane, enabling flexion and extension, as well as a slight degree of internal and external rotation.
A flexion preformed across the horizontal plane.
The range of motion in the shoulder flexion plane of motion is typically around 180 degrees, allowing the arm to move forward and upward from the side of the body.
Lateral flexion of the trunk involves moving the shoulders left or right towards the hips, therefore it is exercised in the frontal or coronal plane of motion.
linear motion
External obliques are primarily considered to be in the frontal plane of motion. They are responsible for lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk.
Trunk flexion occurs in the sagittal plane of body motion. This movement involves bending the torso forward, bringing the chest toward the thighs. It primarily involves the muscles of the back and abdomen.
horizontal/trasverse
Horizontal extension is in the transverse plane of motion, which runs horizontally across the body from side to side. This movement involves extending the arms or legs outwards away from the midline of the body.
Simply stated, flexion is when the angle around a joint is decreased from it's normal position (from the anatomical position) in the SAGITTAL plane. The sagittal plane is an imaginary line that splits your body into left and right pieces. All flexion moves in this plane. Ex. Flexion of the bicep requires you to pull your forearm (decrease the angle) toward your head. That motion running along the side of your body is also in the sagittal plane
Frontal Plane about the anterioposterior axis
Horizontal flexion is a movement where the arms move towards the front of the body in a horizontal plane. This movement occurs at the shoulder joint and involves muscles like the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and coracobrachialis. It is commonly seen in activities like hugging someone or performing a chest fly exercise.
The independence of horizontal and vertical motion allows us to analyze projectile motion in these two directions separately. This means that the horizontal motion, affected by only the initial horizontal velocity, is not impacted by the vertical motion, which is influenced by gravity. Thus, we can treat the motion along each axis independently when studying projectile motion.