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When a ribosome reaches a stop codon during translation, the process of protein synthesis halts. This signals the termination of the polypeptide chain, leading to the release of the newly formed protein. Release factors bind to the ribosome, prompting the disassembly of the ribosomal complex and the release of the mRNA and tRNA involved in the translation. Subsequently, the ribosome subunits can be recycled for another round of translation.
What else can I help you with?
Which process stops when a ribosome reaches a stop codon?
When a ribsome reaches a stop codon, the translation process stops and a protein is released.
When does the polypeptide stop growing?
The polypeptide stops growing when it reaches a stop codon on the mRNA during translation. This signals the ribosome to release the polypeptide chain, which then undergoes further processing to become a functional protein.
How does DNA make a copy of itself in order to travel outside to make protein?
DNA is double stranded, in the shape we know as the "double helix." One strand of DNA is the coding strand, while the other is called the complementary strand. The coding strand is what has the protein codes, the complementary strand just bonds to that strand. DNA is also located inside the nucleus, which is protected by a nuclear membrane. This nuclear membrane is porus, but the double helix is too big to fit through these pores. So, the DNA has to be copied into mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid.) Now, DNA is made up of nucleotides, all of which are either Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine; or just A, T, G, and C. A and T always pair together in the double helix, and G and C always pair together. But, the mRNA has ribonucleotides. There are still A, G, and C; but instead of a T bonding to an A, a Uracil, or U, will bond to all the A nucleotides. Okay, confusing basics, but heres the fun part. The DNA molecule "unzips," or the two strands pull apart when its time to make a protein. Then, a molecule called an mRNA polymerase will attach to the coding strand of the DNA and start "reading" it. Once it reaches the sequence "TAC" (remember the little parts that make up the DNA strand,) it will start to attach the ribonucleotides. This "TAC" is know as a start codon, because it tells the mRNA polymerase to start. Now, the mRNA polymerase will bond "AUG" to the "TAC". Then mRNA will continue to bond it's ribonucleotides to the corresponding nucleotides of the coding strand of DNA, until it reaches a "stop" codon. This stop codon is either ATT, ATC, or ACT on the DNA; which becomes UAA, UAG, or UGA on the mRNA. This is when the mRNA stops pairing ribonucleotides to the DNA nucleotides, because the code for the protein is complete. Every set of 3 nucleotides in between the start and stop codons are called a codon, and they code for one specific amino acid that will make up the protein. Now that the mRNA strand has been made, it is sent out of the nucleus because it is single-stranded, and can fit through the pores. This process of making the mRNA is called Transcripiton. But how can the protein be made? As soon as the mRNA strand exits the nucleus, a ribosome, or rRNA molecule, bonds to it. This ribosome "reads" the mRNA, and begins to attach "anti-codons" to the mRNA codons (remember a codon is 3 ribonucleotides that code for an amino acid.) The anti-codons and the amino acids come in a "package" called a tRNA, or transfer RNA, molecule. This consists of the anti-codon that will pair up to the mRNA codon, and an attached amino acid that is specific to the mRNA codon. For example, the start codon AUG will pair to the anti-codon UAC, and AUG codes for the amino acid methionine; so the tRNA molecule will have UAC at the base, and methionine attached at the top. The ribosome will do this to each codon within the strand, so each codon has an anti-codon and amino acid attached. But, ribosomes can only fit 3 codons inside them at any time, so it has to move down the mRNA 3 codons at a time. As a codon exits the ribosome after being attached to it's tRNA molecule, the anti-codon part of the tRNA breaks off and the amino acid attaches to the other amino acids using a peptide bond. So the ribosome leaves behind a string of amino acids bonded together using peptide bonds. To find out which codons on the mRNA code for which amino acids, you need to use an "amino acid wheel," which is a wheel that is read by looking at the innermost circle and finding the ribonucleotide that the codon begins with, then looking in that section to find the second ribonucleotide in the codon, then looking in that small section of the outermost circle to find the last ribonucleotide of the codon, which will then show you the protein. This chart is attached in the image below. Anyways, once the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, it stops attaching the tRNA molecules, and the result is all the amino acids that correspond to the codons, bonded together to create the finished protein! This process of creating the protein is called Translation, so the entire process from DNA to protein is called Transcription and Translation.
How is the nucleotide seguence in the mRNA translated into a polypeptide sequence?
As we all know, mRNA undergoes translation to form a polypeptide sequence. Besides the mRNA, there are still the tRNA ( transfer RNA ) and rRNA ( ribosomal RNA ). All these three types of RNA are essential in determining the polypeptide sequence. This is the because, mRNA only acts as a messenger. A messenger to bring the information from the DNA to the ribosome to synthesis protein. the tRNA transports the required amino acid to form the polypeptide refering to the mRNA while the rRNA builds a site for the polypeptide synthesis to occur. For translation to occur, the essential components are required : tRNA with it's anticodons to the start codon - UAC - ( start codon = AUG- methionine). the subunits of the ribosomal RNA and the mRNA that needs to be translated. i)the tRNA with the correct anticodons binds to the start codon. ii) the next tRNA recognizing the next codon locates itself on the ribosome and the first tRNA is transferred by ribosome. iii) Once the amino acid are in place, peptide bonds are formed between them and a polypeptide chain is formed. the first tRNA leaves the ribosome while the next tRNA takes it's place. As another tRNA recognizes the next codon, it locates itself on the ribosome once more. iv) Translation goes on until the ribosome reaches either one of the stop codon. -- UAA / UAG/ UGA.. found on the mRNA. v) When the ribosome arrives at the stop codon, translation stops. The ribosome splits to it's two sub units, and the newly synthesized polypeptide chain is released from the mRNA. vi) the tRNA and rRNA can be reused to form new polypeptides on other mRNA strands.
What happens to ribosomes during protein synthesis?
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in the cell. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript and use it as a template to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain according to the genetic code. Ribosomes are composed of two subunits (small and large) that come together during translation and dissociate after protein synthesis is complete.
Which process stops when a ribosome reaches a stop codon?
When a ribsome reaches a stop codon, the translation process stops and a protein is released.
What happens after the ribosome reaches the start codon?
When a ribsome reaches a stop codon, the translation process stops and a protein is released.
When does the polypeptide stop growing?
The polypeptide stops growing when it reaches a stop codon on the mRNA during translation. This signals the ribosome to release the polypeptide chain, which then undergoes further processing to become a functional protein.
Which mRNA codons will start the process of translation?
If you're referring to stop codons, then there are three: UAA, UAG and UGA. They do indeed stop translation, though I wouldn't say they halt ribosomes. Stop codons code for a releaser enzyme, one that fits the A site of the ribosome, but does not carry an amino acid. This enzyme cuts the bond between the polypeptide and the last tRNA.
When does a polypeptide stop growing?
A polypeptide stops growing when the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA template. This triggers the release of the polypeptide chain, along with the ribosome and mRNA, from the protein synthesis machinery.
What halts translation in DNA?
In the translation of a DNA a stop Codon will help to put a stop to the process of translation.There are three stop codons used in the process when a ribosome reaches one of the Codon it stops.
Which process stop when rna polymerase comes to a terminator?
Transcription is the process that stops when RNA polymerase is terminated.
Synthesis of a protein stops when?
Synthesis of a protein stops when a stop codon is reached on the mRNA during translation. This signals the ribosome to release the newly synthesized protein so it can fold into its functional structure.
Where does the process of translation do in mRNA?
The newly spliced mRNA binds to a ribosome. tRNA molecules migrate towards the ribosome, these tRNA molecules carries a specific amino acid. The ribosome allows two tRNA molecules into the ribosome at a time. The tRNA molecules have complementary anti-codons to the codons present on the mRNA strand. Two tRNA move into the ribosome and their anti-codons join to complementary codons on the mRNA strand. As one molecule leaves the ribosome, its amino acid forms a peptide bond with an amino acid on the adjacent tRNA molecule, with the help of ATP and an enzyme. As the ribosome moves along the the mRNA strand, a polypeptide chain is created. The ribosome stops reading the mRNA strand when it reaches a stop codon.
Describe the 5 steps in protein synthesis?
1. The DNA unzips 2. The mRNA reads the code (codon) of the DNA (Transcription) 3. The mRNA moves out of the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm to attach to the ribosomes 4.tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosomes according to the original DNA 5. The amino acids bind together and are released into the cytoplasm as a protein
What stops the cell process of diffusion?
What stops the process of diffusion in cells?
What is male edging?
It's a technique when a guy stops all stimulation for a brief period as he reaches climax, then starts again. This process can be repeated as many times as he wishes.
