From the US tax payer via the NASA budget.
The Sputnik satellites were the first sucessful satellites, launched by the Soviets in the 50's.
Objects sent into space need to be made as lightweight as possible due to the huge cost. A large amount of fuel is needed to achieve the required escape velocity and orbital speed for every kg sent - this could be as much 10,000 US dollars per kg (or 22,000 US dollars per pound)
The initials of the US space agency are NASA, which stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
The atmosphere separates us. It is a pool of gases.
Before and during the very first part of a launch, missions are controlled from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, but as the shuttle or other vehicle clears the launch tower, control passes to Johnson Space Center in Houston Texas.
Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida, is the primary launch point for NASA space missions. On the west coast, Vandenberg Air Force Base (near Lompoc, California) is also used for the launch of satellites, including those for the US military.
USSR
No. The USSR was the first to launch any kind of space craft with the launch of "Sputnik 1" in 1957. The US was the first to send a man to the moon in 1969 with the Apollo 11 mission
31 January 1961
SpaceX
Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Space Exploration did not begin in the US. The first country to successfully launch a human into outer space was the Soviet Union.
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, located in Florida, is one of the primary launch sites for rockets headed into space. It is also home to the Kennedy Space Center.
That capability indicate that the US was well behind in the Space Race.
Huntsville Alabama is the home of Redstone Arsenal (the US Army missile and rocket center), NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, and the US Space and Rocket Center.
Basically the Successful Launch of Sputnik I by then USSR started the Space race as US Space programme till then was not integrated and successful launch of SputnikI triggred 1)formation of NASA 2)passing of Space act by US congress 3)allocation of funds for the space projects.