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Action potentials caused by sound transduction are carried by the auditory nerve fibers, which are part of the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII). These nerve fibers transmit the signals from the hair cells in the cochlea to the brainstem and auditory cortex for processing.
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How do nerves encode information?
Nerves encode information through electrical signals called action potentials. These action potentials are caused by changes in the membrane potential of the nerve cell, which are triggered by stimulation from the surrounding environment. The rate and pattern of action potentials allow nerves to convey information about sensory input and control the output to muscles and organs.
What is the difference between action potentials and synaptic potentials?
A synaptic potential exists at the INPUT of a neuron (dendrite), and an action potential occurs at the OUTPUT of a neuron (axon). (from OldGuy)(from Ilantoren:) A synaptic potential is the result of many excitatory post synaptic potentials (epsp) each one caused by the synaptic vesicles released by the pre-synaptic terminus. If there are enough of these epsp then the responses will summate and depolarize the post-synaptic membrane at the axon hillock enough to fire an action potential.
Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase?
Yes. ....Up to a point. There is a threshold the stimulus must surpass before creating a CAP (compound action potential). Anything below this threshold is called subthreshold. Once the stimulus is strong enough cause a CAP it is a stimulus threshold. At this point the CAP will continue to increase as the intensity of the stimulus increases (now termed suprathreshold) until a maximal stimulus causes a maximum response. Any stimulus stronger than the maximal stimulus is called a supramaximal and does not result in any larger a CAP than the maximum response caused by the maximal stimulus. source: http://www.unmc.edu/physiology/Mann/mann12.html
What is a tonic current?
Not all the electrical signalling in the nervous system is by way of action potentials, or impulses. Indeed it could be argued that some of the most important, if not the most important, of the central nervous system's communications depend upon non-impulse signalling. These signals, which are at least one order of magnitude and sometimes two or more orders of magnitude, weaker than action potentials have been termed electrotonic potentials. They are small depolarisations of a nerve process's membrane and are caused by the essentially passive spread of electrical current through the conducting fluids inside and outside nerve cells and their processes. Nonetheless, however small electrotonic potentials may be, they can have very considerable effect on the physiology of neuronal membranes and thus on the large-scale functioning of the brain. cited from - Elements of Molecular Neurobiology 3rd ed C. U. M. Smith
An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell?
An action potential is caused by an influx of sodium ions into the cell through voltage-gated sodium channels. This influx of sodium ions results in depolarization of the cell membrane, leading to the generation of an action potential.
How do nerves encode information?
Nerves encode information through electrical signals called action potentials. These action potentials are caused by changes in the membrane potential of the nerve cell, which are triggered by stimulation from the surrounding environment. The rate and pattern of action potentials allow nerves to convey information about sensory input and control the output to muscles and organs.
What are the key differences between graded potentials and action potentials in terms of their mechanisms and functions?
Graded potentials are small changes in membrane potential that can vary in size and are caused by the flow of ions through ion channels. They are localized and can either depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell. In contrast, action potentials are large, all-or-nothing changes in membrane potential that are triggered when a threshold is reached. They are propagated along the length of the axon and are essential for long-distance communication in neurons.
What is the difference between action potentials and synaptic potentials?
A synaptic potential exists at the INPUT of a neuron (dendrite), and an action potential occurs at the OUTPUT of a neuron (axon). (from OldGuy)(from Ilantoren:) A synaptic potential is the result of many excitatory post synaptic potentials (epsp) each one caused by the synaptic vesicles released by the pre-synaptic terminus. If there are enough of these epsp then the responses will summate and depolarize the post-synaptic membrane at the axon hillock enough to fire an action potential.
What is a Difference between hyperpolarizing and depolarizing graded potential?
A hyperpolarizing graded potential makes the cell more negative, typically caused by an influx of chloride ions or efflux of potassium ions. In contrast, a depolarizing graded potential makes the cell less negative, often due to an influx of sodium ions or calcium ions. Both types of potentials play a role in generating action potentials in neurons.
Which disease is caused by too much or too little of a neurotransmitter?
raynouds disease , parkensonism ,brain degenerative disorders , huntington disease ,segawas disease , Autism , epilepsy ,
Generalized transduction differs from specialized transduction in that generalized transduction?
GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION- Is the type of transduction in which a fragment of DNA from the degraded chromosome of an infected bacteria cell is accidentally incorporated into a new phage particle during viral replication and thereby transfered to another bacterial cell. specialized- is the type in which the bacterial DNA transduced is limited to one or a few genes lying adjacent to a pro-phage that are accidentally included when the phage is excised from the bacterial chromosome.
What causes absolute refractory period?
The absolute refractory period is caused by the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels that were opened during the preceding action potential. During this period, the neuron is unable to generate another action potential because these sodium channels are closed and unable to respond to further depolarization. This prevents the neuron from firing multiple action potentials too close together and ensures proper signaling.
Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase?
Yes. ....Up to a point. There is a threshold the stimulus must surpass before creating a CAP (compound action potential). Anything below this threshold is called subthreshold. Once the stimulus is strong enough cause a CAP it is a stimulus threshold. At this point the CAP will continue to increase as the intensity of the stimulus increases (now termed suprathreshold) until a maximal stimulus causes a maximum response. Any stimulus stronger than the maximal stimulus is called a supramaximal and does not result in any larger a CAP than the maximum response caused by the maximal stimulus. source: http://www.unmc.edu/physiology/Mann/mann12.html
Why is the term action potential used to describe a nerve impulse?
It is a difference in charge supplied by ion position. In resting potential the tendency is for the inside of the cell membrane to have a negative ionic charge, while the outside of the membrane has a positive charge. The change, back and forth in these two charge potentials is the conduction of charge down the neuron and is called the action potential.
What caused crime?
Decisions, taken into action.
What is a short definition for sinkhole?
sinkhole is a hole formed in soluble rock by action of water.
How can people control the damage caused by earthquakes?
By constructing buildings and structures that are earthquake resistant.
