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What substance do the carrier proteins transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane?
Carrier proteins transport various substances across the inner mitochondrial membrane, primarily including metabolites such as pyruvate, fatty acids, and adenosine nucleotides. Notably, the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier facilitates the transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria for energy production. Additionally, the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) exchanges ADP and ATP across the membrane, playing a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism.
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What has to be present for Pyruvate to enter the mitochondria?
The mitochondrial membrane has special transporter proteins which are needed to transport pyruvate. This transport also requires ATP.
How and why do inner and outer mitochondrial membranes differ in permeability?
The inner mitochondrial membrane is selectively permeable and highly impermeable to ions and polar molecules due to the presence of transport proteins like ATP synthase and carriers for metabolites. This allows for the establishment of a proton gradient necessary for ATP production. In contrast, the outer mitochondrial membrane is more permeable and allows for the passage of ions, metabolites, and small proteins, facilitating communication and transport of molecules between the mitochondria and the cytosol.
What property of the cell membrane enables it to perform active transport?
Embedded in the semi-permeable cell membrane are many different types of carrier proteins or channel proteins. These globular proteins allow the transport of specific substances from the outside of the cell into the cell or vice versa.Specific means each protein can only transport one type of substance across. For example, Protein A can transport Substance X but not Substance Y. Substance Y has to be transported by Protein B which cannot transport Substance X. The specific nature of these globular proteins mean it is easier for these molecules to be transported.
What biomolecule helps transport molecules across the membrane?
proteins
What process of cellular respiration would be interrupted if the inner mitochondrial membranes were damaged?
The process that would be interrupted is the Electron Transport Chain. This is because the inner mitochondrial membrane is where the proteins and complexes needed for electron transport are located. Damage to this membrane would disrupt the flow of electrons and the production of ATP, which is the final step in cellular respiration.
Can pyruvate cross the mitochondrial membrane?
Yes, pyruvate can cross the mitochondrial membrane through specific transport proteins.
Where in the mitochondria is the proteins of the ETC located?
The proteins of the electron transport chain (ETC) are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This is where the series of complexes involved in electron transfer and ATP production are situated.
Where are the proteins of electron transport chains located?
The proteins of electron transport chains are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells and in the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells. They play a critical role in generating ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Why must transport proteins be located in the mitochondrial membrane to complete the third stage of aerobic respiration?
They must interact with the electrons and hydrogen.
Where is the electron transport systems used to make ATP located?
The electron transport system used for ATP synthesis happens in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion and the proteins embedded within that membrane.
What has to be present for Pyruvate to enter the mitochondria?
The mitochondrial membrane has special transporter proteins which are needed to transport pyruvate. This transport also requires ATP.
How do carriers proteins facilitate passive transport of molecules across a membrane?
Carrier proteins facilitate passive transport of molecules across a membrane by changing its shape, by using ATP, to allow a substance to pass through the membrane.
Where are the proteins for the electron transport chain located?
The electron transport chain is located in the cristae of a mitochondria. It is the enzymes used during the Krebs cycle that are found in the matrix of the mitochondria. In plants, the electron transport chain is located in the thylakoid membrane of a chlorophyll.
How do carrier proteins transport substance across the membrane?
The carrier protein changes shape , shielding the molecule from the interior of the membrane.
How and why do inner and outer mitochondrial membranes differ in permeability?
The inner mitochondrial membrane is selectively permeable and highly impermeable to ions and polar molecules due to the presence of transport proteins like ATP synthase and carriers for metabolites. This allows for the establishment of a proton gradient necessary for ATP production. In contrast, the outer mitochondrial membrane is more permeable and allows for the passage of ions, metabolites, and small proteins, facilitating communication and transport of molecules between the mitochondria and the cytosol.
What property of the cell membrane enables it to perform active transport?
Embedded in the semi-permeable cell membrane are many different types of carrier proteins or channel proteins. These globular proteins allow the transport of specific substances from the outside of the cell into the cell or vice versa.Specific means each protein can only transport one type of substance across. For example, Protein A can transport Substance X but not Substance Y. Substance Y has to be transported by Protein B which cannot transport Substance X. The specific nature of these globular proteins mean it is easier for these molecules to be transported.
What biomolecule helps transport molecules across the membrane?
proteins
