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Today, most astronomers believe that the asteroids are remnants of the protoplanetary disk. The remnants failed to merge into a planet because of large gravitational perturbations induced by Jupiter during the formative period of the solar system.

The strong gravitational influence ensured that the remnants couldn't form a large enough "block" before being torn back apart.

However in the 1800's it was wildly believed that a planet [Phaeton] had existed where the asteroids are and it's destruction was caused by :-

  • it veered too close to Jupiter and was torn apart by it's powerful gravity.
  • it was struck by another large celestial body.
  • it was destroyed by a hypothetical brown dwarf, the companion star to the Sun known as Nemesis.
  • it was shattered by some internal catastrophe.

This theory has been rejected for a number of reasons.
  1. The amount of energy required to completely destroy a planet.
  2. The low mass of the asteroid belt.
  3. The asteroids have different chemical composition, which should all be the same if they came from the same body.
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15y ago

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